{"id":56465,"date":"2026-04-09T07:00:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T14:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&#038;p=56465"},"modified":"2026-04-09T09:00:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T16:00:48","slug":"how-do-plant-roots-grow-in-unpredictable-temperatures","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/how-do-plant-roots-grow-in-unpredictable-temperatures\/","title":{"rendered":"How do plant roots grow in unpredictable temperatures?"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<li style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: -20px !important; margin-left: -20px !important;\"><strong>Highlights<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Salk scientists find a plant protein that can directly sense temperature, giving plants a built-in cellular \u201cthermostat\u201d<\/li>\n<li>The study reveals that temperature changes both the amount and activity of key auxin-related growth proteins by shifting a stored \u201creservoir\u201d of inactive proteins into an active state<\/li>\n<li>Findings could enable new strategies to help crops maintain growth under environmental stressors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>LA JOLLA\u2014Plants can\u2019t move to escape the heat like humans can\u2014they are forced to adapt. As temperatures fluctuate, one key survival strategy is the ability of roots to keep growing, allowing plants to access water and nutrients further away in the soil. But how do plants sense temperature and translate it into growth?<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_54336\"  class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-54336 size-pr-300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader-300x450.jpg\" alt=\"Lucia Strader led a study discovering an internal \u201cthermostat\u201d that lets plants sense temperature and adapt their growth accordingly.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader-300x450.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader-147x221.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader-458x687.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader-585x878.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader-553x830.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader-750x1125.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader-767x1151.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader-945x1418.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lucia Strader led a study discovering an internal \u201cthermostat\u201d that lets plants sense temperature and adapt their growth accordingly.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/250820-pr-strader.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u70b9\u51fb\u6b64\u5904<\/a> \u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u56fe\u50cf\u3002.<br \/>\u7248\u6743\uff1a\u8428\u514b\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Salk Institute scientists have uncovered a new answer in a familiar plant hormone: auxin. Auxin is at the center of plant growth, governing everything from cell elongation to root and stem development. But it\u2019s not the center of this story\u2014instead, the latest research found auxin\u2019s partner proteins serve as internal plant \u201cthermostats.\u201d These partner proteins directly sense temperature, then change genetic programs to direct root growth accordingly.<\/p>\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-71012-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Nature Communications<\/em><\/a> on March 27, 2026, could be used in future efforts to engineer plants that withstand more extreme temperatures.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s been known for a long time that plants grow at different rates at different temperatures,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/scientist\/lucia-strader\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lucia Strader, PhD<\/a>, senior author of the study and a professor and holder of the Howard H. and Maryam R. Newman Chair in Plant Biology at Salk. \u201cNow we have discovered this protein that can directly sense temperature and consequently adjust root growth, which is a huge step toward understanding how plants integrate environmental cues into life.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-top: 40px;\"><strong>A growth signal with a \u201cGoldilocks\u201d problem<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Auxin is a master regulator of plant growth\u2014and it\u2019s also a bit like Goldilocks. Strader explains that \u201cit has to be just right, because too little or too much can inhibit growth.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>For decades, scientists thought that temperature influenced plant growth mainly by altering hormone levels, such as auxin. Scientists have long known that warm temperatures increase both auxin levels and root growth\u2014but that creates a paradox, since high auxin typically slows root cell elongation.<\/p>\n<p>So, what else could be controlling root growth in response to temperature?<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-top: 40px;\"><strong>An internal thermostat and protein reservoir in plant cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_56468\"  class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/260409-pr-strader-seedlings.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"341\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-56468 size-pr-300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/260409-pr-strader-seedlings-300x341.jpg\" alt=\"Seedlings grow longer stems under warmer conditions in a process dependent on auxin and the activity of the Auxin Response Factors (ARFs).\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/260409-pr-strader-seedlings-300x341.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/260409-pr-strader-seedlings-264x300.jpg 264w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/260409-pr-strader-seedlings-11x12.jpg 11w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/260409-pr-strader-seedlings-147x167.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/260409-pr-strader-seedlings-458x521.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/260409-pr-strader-seedlings.jpg 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seedlings grow longer stems under warmer conditions in a process dependent on auxin and the activity of the Auxin Response Factors (ARFs).<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/260409-pr-strader-seedlings.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u70b9\u51fb\u6b64\u5904<\/a> for the original image.<br \/>\u7248\u6743\uff1a\u8428\u514b\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Auxin acts through Auxin Response Factor transcription factors (ARFs), proteins that regulate the expression of growth genes. The team discovered that these ARFs directly sense temperature. At cooler temperatures, ARFs are stored in inactive clusters inside the cell, like a reserve. As temperatures rise, the proteins become more soluble, dissociate from these clusters, and move into the nucleus, where they activate growth-related genes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou have this reservoir of protein that can be activated depending on the environment, and temperature allows the cell to shift more of that protein into an active form,\u201d says first author Edward Wilkinson, PhD, a former graduate student researcher in Strader\u2019s lab at Duke University. &#8220;We think this is something to do with the properties of the protein itself\u2014at higher temperatures, it is more stable and more soluble, so it can readily accumulate and drive temperature responses.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>This system allows plants to respond quickly to environmental changes by redistributing existing proteins rather than making new ones. \u201cYou can think of it as a built-in thermostat within the cell\u2014a very clever way to regulate growth,\u201d adds co-first author Katelyn Sageman-Furnas, PhD, a postdoctoral researcher in Strader\u2019s lab at Duke University.<\/p>\n<p>This dynamic system gives plants a powerful advantage. Instead of making new proteins from scratch, they can rapidly adjust growth by redistributing proteins they already have.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-top: 40px;\"><strong>Why does temperature sensing matter in crops?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Understanding how plants sense and respond to environmental stressors is increasingly important for agriculture.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists\u2019 newfound ability to identify molecular components that act as temperature sensors and protein activators opens the possibility of designing crops that continue to grow at higher temperatures.<\/p>\n<p>Because root growth is essential for accessing water and nutrients, this kind of resilience could help protect crop productivity under challenging conditions.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-top: 40px;\"><strong>An international collaboration for discovery<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The Salk study was published in tandem with a complementary study from the lab of Jorge Casal, PhD, at the Institute for Agricultural Plant Physiology and Ecology (IFEVA) at the University of Buenos Aires and the Instituto Leloir. After meeting at a conference, Strader and Casal decided to create distinct research plans with one shared goal: to uncover how plants turn environmental signals into growth.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis kind of discovery really represents Salk\u2019s collaborative spirit, and how our culture encourages relationships within and beyond our campus,\u201d says Strader. \u201cOur cooperation helped optimize resources, getting us closer to understanding plant signaling without competing or wasting time or money.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Both papers were published on the same day, and Strader and Casal are credited as co-authors on each other\u2019s publications. You can read Casal\u2019s lab\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-71011-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Nature Communications<\/em> paper here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-top: 40px;\"><strong>Other authors and funding<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Other authors include Mat\u00edas Ezequiel Pereyra and Mar\u00eda Bel\u00e9n Borniego of the University of Buenos Aires.<\/p>\n<p>This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and Duke University<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":54339,"template":"","faculty":[613],"disease-research":[125],"class_list":["post-56465","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-lucia-strader","disease-research-plant-biology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How do plant roots grow in unpredictable temperatures? - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/how-do-plant-roots-grow-in-unpredictable-temperatures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How do plant roots grow in unpredictable temperatures? - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Highlights Salk scientists find a plant protein that can directly sense temperature, giving plants a built-in cellular \u201cthermostat\u201d The study reveals that temperature changes both the amount and activity of key auxin-related growth proteins by shifting a stored \u201creservoir\u201d of inactive proteins into an active state Findings could enable new strategies to help crops maintain growth under environmental stressors LA JOLLA\u2014Plants can\u2019t move to escape the heat like humans can\u2014they are forced to adapt. 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