{"id":55997,"date":"2026-02-17T07:00:12","date_gmt":"2026-02-17T15:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&#038;p=55997"},"modified":"2026-02-17T07:34:14","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T15:34:14","slug":"does-the-motion-of-our-dna-influence-its-activity","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/does-the-motion-of-our-dna-influence-its-activity\/","title":{"rendered":"DNA \u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u6d3b\u6027\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: -20px !important; margin-left: -20px !important;\"><strong>Highlights<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The genome\u2019s dynamic 3D shape influences the expression of very specific genes<\/li>\n<li>The protein NIPBL is a key facilitator of genome structures that inform cell identity<\/li>\n<li>Findings may inform new therapeutics for disorders related to dysfunctional genome folding, including some cancers and developmental disorders such as autism-related disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6-\u6211\u4eec\u7684 DNA \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u50a8\u5b58\u9020\u5c31\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u50a8\u5b58\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/scientist\/jesse-dixon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6770\u897f\u00b7\u8fea\u514b\u68ee\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb,<\/a> \u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5728\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6298\u53e0\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6298\u53e0\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u764c\u75c7\u548c\u53d1\u80b2\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5c55\u5f00\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u6298\u53e0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u901f\u7387\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u5f71\u54cd\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u3002.<\/p>\n<p>The study, published in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41588-026-02516-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Nature Genetics<\/em><\/a> on February 16, 2026, and funded by both federal research grants and private philanthropy, may point to targets for blocking the dysfunctional folding that leads to cancers and developmental disorders.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are six billion base pairs in your genome, and in the last decade we\u2019ve been learning about the molecular machines that fold and organize that massive amount of information,\u201d says Dixon, senior author of the study and associate professor and holder of the Helen McLoraine Developmental Chair at Salk. \u201cWhat\u2019s interesting is that this folding doesn\u2019t just happen once and then the genome stays put\u2014it seems to be constantly unfolding and refolding. Our study gives us a better idea of where and how often the genome is doing this, which ultimately adds to our understanding of those molecular machines, and, in turn, what may be going on when they dysfunction during cancers or developmental disorders.\u201d<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 100%; margin-top: 40px; padding-bottom: 10px; border: solid 1px #ccc;\">\n<div id=\"kaltura_player_771026482\" class=\"kaltura-responsive\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size: .9em; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0 20px;\">Immortalized retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE-1) dividing, showcasing the incredible ability for the body to compact, store, duplicate, and repack long strands of genetic information.<br \/>\nCredit: Salk Institute<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/4912423\/sp\/491242300\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/51412622\/partner_id\/4912423\"><\/script><br \/>\n<script>\nkWidget.embed({\n  \"targetId\": \"kaltura_player_771026482\",\n  \"wid\": \"_4912423\",\n  \"uiconf_id\": 51412622,\n  \"flashvars\": {},\n  \"cache_st\": 771026482,\n  \"entry_id\": \"1_5t29zhev\"\n});\n<\/script><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-top: 20px;\"><strong>How are genes stored?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Each human cell contains <em>two meters <\/em>of DNA\u2014critical code that brings every protein, structure, and cellular process to life. Within that DNA code are tens of thousands of genes, which are short stretches of code that can be used to regulate or produce proteins.<\/p>\n<p>This crucial information must be stored and organized in such a way that it can fit inside a cell\u2019s nucleus <em>\u548c <\/em>move around to change gene accessibility <em>\u548c <\/em>be strategically maneuvered to bring together regions that need to interact but that are relatively far apart. Cells have cleverly found a way to knock out all three of these needs at once: loops! Loops are tightly mediated by a protein complex called cohesin, which works alongside an accessory protein, NIPBL, that helps cohesin move along DNA to form <span style=\"white-space: nowrap;\">these loops.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Recent studies have shown that these cohesin-mediated loops are constantly forming and disassembling. This new understanding of genome folding as a dynamic process inspired a host of new questions: How often is DNA looping and un-looping? Is every part of the genome equally dynamic? What role is NIPBL playing in this movement?<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-top: 40px;\"><strong>What does genome folding have to do with gene expression?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_56003\"  class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-56003 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Jesse Dixon, MD, PhD, and Tessa Popay, PhD, used human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes to find that the dynamic 3D structure of the genome influences cell identity.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes-767x767.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes-147x147.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes-458x458.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes-585x585.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes-553x553.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes-750x750.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes-945x945.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jesse Dixon, MD, PhD, and Tessa Popay, PhD, used human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes to find that the dynamic 3D structure of the genome influences cell identity.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2602216-pr-dixon-cardiomyocytes.jpg\">Click here<\/a> for a high-resolution image.<br \/>Credit: Salk Institute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cCurrent data around the spatial organization of the genome suggest that genome folding has little impact on gene expression\u2014but we thought, perhaps we just aren\u2019t looking at it in the right way,\u201d says first author Tessa Popay, PhD, a postdoctoral researcher in Dixon\u2019s lab. \u201cBy specifically disrupting folding dynamics, we were able to identify the aspects of spatial genome organization that contribute to gene regulation and expression.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Salk team first depleted NIPBL in immortalized human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE-1) cells to see what impact that would have on loop dynamics. Without NIPBL, cohesin could no longer efficiently move along DNA and form loops. Unable to create new loops, the genomes unfolded\u2014but not uniformly. Rather, some regions of the genome unfolded relatively quickly, while others did so over the course of many hours.<\/p>\n<p>Curiously, the relative stability of different genome areas appeared to be related to functional differences. Loops that were forming and unraveling over many hours were associated with <em>silent <\/em>genome regions\u2014stretches of the DNA where the genes weren\u2019t in use. Loops that turned over more quickly were associated with <em>expressed <\/em>genome regions\u2014places where genes were in high use and coordinating cell type-specific functions.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_56004\"  class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-56004 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Jesse Dixon, MD, PhD, and Tessa Popay, PhD, used human iPSC-derived neurons to find that the dynamic 3D structure of the genome influences cell identity.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons-147x110.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons-458x344.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons-585x439.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons-553x415.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons-750x563.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons-767x575.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons-945x709.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jesse Dixon, MD, PhD, and Tessa Popay, PhD, used human iPSC-derived neurons to find that the dynamic 3D structure of the genome influences cell identity.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-neurons.jpg\">Click here<\/a> for a high-resolution image.<br \/>Credit: Salk Institute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Wondering whether these dynamics may indeed influence gene expression and cell identity, the researchers moved into heart cells and neurons, deriving these from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). They demonstrated that this dynamic organization is most important in heart cells at genes related to heart cell function and in neurons at genes related to neuronal cell function. These heart-function and neuronal-function genes are, of course, in different places in the genome\u2014this flexibility in genome folding likely helps cell types achieve and maintain their <span style=\"white-space: nowrap;\">distinct identities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u201cOne thing this appears to suggest is that the continuous folding and unfolding of our genome may be particularly important for helping a cell \u2018remember\u2019 who it is supposed to be by preserving expression of genes that are unique to different cell types,\u201d <span style=\"white-space: nowrap;\">says Popay.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The researchers have a few theories as to why areas of the genome related to identity seem to be the most active. Their best guess is that the constant reiteration of these loops makes identity stronger, by repeatedly creating fresh connections between genes\u2014like the cell is constantly giving itself a pep talk, reading its affirmations in the form of proteins it needs to create to maintain its function.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 15px;\"><strong>Can insights into dynamic genome folding help treat cancer and developmental disorders in the future?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_56008\"  class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"561\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-56008 size-pr-300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-300x561.jpg\" alt=\"Tessa Popay, PhD, (left) and Jesse Dixon, MD, PhD, (right) discovered that the genome\u2019s dynamic movement influences the expression of genes and seems to be especially important in reinforcing cell identity. \" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-300x561.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-160x300.jpg 160w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-547x1024.jpg 547w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-768x1437.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-821x1536.jpg 821w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-1095x2048.jpg 1095w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-147x275.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-458x857.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-585x1094.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-553x1034.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-750x1403.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-767x1435.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-945x1768.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-scaled.jpg 1368w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tessa Popay, PhD, (left) and Jesse Dixon, MD, PhD, (right) discovered that the genome\u2019s dynamic movement influences the expression of genes and seems to be especially important in reinforcing cell identity.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-authors-scaled.jpg\">Click here<\/a> for a high-resolution image.<br \/>Credit: Salk Institute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Though the findings lead to new mysteries, Dixon says what they know now helps explain the symptoms associated with dysfunctional genome folding in humans.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese genome folding machineries tightly control cell identity in every cell, so it actually makes a lot of sense that when we see mutations in them, we get these syndromic conditions like Cornelia de Lange syndrome that impact different parts of the body in different ways,\u201d says Dixon. \u201cAnd cancer is potentially exploiting that same principle, changing where in the genome these dynamics are more important to manipulate cell identity and encourage uncontrolled growth.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>With this new confirmation that the genome\u2019s dynamic 3D structure significantly impacts gene expression, scientists can now connect the dots between genome structure and disease and begin imagining new therapies for cancers and developmental disorders. Foundational research means widespread impact\u2014especially when it comes to the building blocks for life.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-top: 40px;\"><strong>Other authors and funding<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Other authors include Ami Pant, Femke Munting, Morgan Black, and Nicholas Haghani of Salk and Melodi Tastemel of <span style=\"white-space: nowrap;\">UC San Diego.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (U01-CA260700, S10-OD023689, S10-OD034268, P30-CA014195, P30-AG068635, P01-AG073084-04, P30-AG062429), Salk Excellerators Fellowship, Rita Allen Foundation, Pew Charitable Trusts, Howard and Maryam Newman Family Foundation, Helmsley Charitable Trust, Chapman Foundation, Waitt Foundation, American Heart Association Allen Initiative, and California Institute for Regenerative Medicine.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":56005,"template":"","faculty":[378],"disease-research":[169,46,124],"class_list":["post-55997","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-jesse-dixon","disease-research-autism","disease-research-cancer-biology","disease-research-neuroscience-and-neurological-disorders"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Does the motion of our DNA influence its activity? - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/does-the-motion-of-our-dna-influence-its-activity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Does the motion of our DNA influence its activity? - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Highlights The genome\u2019s dynamic 3D shape influences the expression of very specific genes The protein NIPBL is a key facilitator of genome structures that inform cell identity Findings may inform new therapeutics for disorders related to dysfunctional genome folding, including some cancers and developmental disorders such as autism-related disorders LA JOLLA\u2014How does our DNA store the massive amount of information needed to build a human being? And what happens when it\u2019s stored incorrectly? Jesse Dixon, MD, PhD, has spent years studying the way this genome is folded in 3D space\u2014knowing that dysfunctional folding can cause cancers and developmental disorders, including autism-related disorders. The latest research from his lab adds to a growing understanding that the genome\u2019s 3D organization is constantly in flux. Using different types of human cells, his lab showed that this dynamic genome unfolding and refolding process occurs at different rates in different parts of the genome, which, in turn, influences gene regulation and expression.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/does-the-motion-of-our-dna-influence-its-activity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-17T15:34:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/260216-pr-dixon-homepage.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"767\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"767\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/does-the-motion-of-our-dna-influence-its-activity\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/does-the-motion-of-our-dna-influence-its-activity\\\/\",\"name\":\"Does the motion of our DNA influence its activity? 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- Salk Institute for Biological Studies","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/does-the-motion-of-our-dna-influence-its-activity\/","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"Does the motion of our DNA influence its activity? - Salk Institute for Biological Studies","og_description":"Highlights The genome\u2019s dynamic 3D shape influences the expression of very specific genes The protein NIPBL is a key facilitator of genome structures that inform cell identity Findings may inform new therapeutics for disorders related to dysfunctional genome folding, including some cancers and developmental disorders such as autism-related disorders LA JOLLA\u2014How does our DNA store the massive amount of information needed to build a human being? And what happens when it\u2019s stored incorrectly? Jesse Dixon, MD, PhD, has spent years studying the way this genome is folded in 3D space\u2014knowing that dysfunctional folding can cause cancers and developmental disorders, including autism-related disorders. The latest research from his lab adds to a growing understanding that the genome\u2019s 3D organization is constantly in flux. 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