{"id":34000,"date":"2022-03-16T00:00:40","date_gmt":"2022-03-16T07:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&#038;p=34000"},"modified":"2023-12-11T13:58:12","modified_gmt":"2023-12-11T21:58:12","slug":"how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u7801\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u548c\u201c\u5fc5\u80dc\u5fc3\u6001\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>LA JOLLA\u2014If you\u2019re reaching for the last piece of pizza at a party and see another hand going for it at the same time, your next move probably depends both on how you feel and whom the hand belongs to. Your little sister\u2014you might go ahead and grab the pizza. Your boss\u2014you\u2019re probably more likely to step back and give up the slice. But if you\u2019re hungry and feeling particularly confident, you might go for it.<\/p>\n<div class=\"row\" style=\"\"><div class=\"col-md-12 col-md-push-0\"><div class=\"video-anchor\" id=\"video-TZmd_vjbLWE\"><\/div><div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\"> <iframe class=\"embed-responsive-item\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TZmd_vjbLWE?rel=0\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><!-- .embed-responsive --><\/div><!-- .col-md-*size --><\/div><!-- .\/row -->\n<p>Now, Salk researchers have made inroads into understanding how the mammalian brain encodes social rank and uses this information to shape behaviors\u2014such as whether to fight for that last pizza slice. In mice engaged in a competition, the team discovered, patterns of brain activity differ depending on the social rank of the opposing animal. Moreover, the scientists could use brain readouts to accurately predict which animal would win a food reward\u2014the victor was not always the more socially dominant animal, but the one more engaged in a \u201cwinning mindset.\u201d The findings were published in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04507-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Nature<\/em><\/a> on March 16, 2022.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_34001\"  class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"292\" height=\"300\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-34001 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon-292x300.jpg\" alt=\"Mice that have formed a social hierarchy get placed in a box where they compete for a food reward. Salk scientists can use brain readouts to accurately predict which animal will win the reward and the social rank of the animal.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon-292x300.jpg 292w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon-996x1024.jpg 996w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon-768x789.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon-147x151.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon-300x308.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon-458x471.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon-585x601.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon-553x568.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon-750x771.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon-767x788.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon-945x971.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon-400x411.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon.jpg 1042w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mice that have formed a social hierarchy get placed in a box where they compete for a food reward. Salk scientists can use brain readouts to accurately predict which animal will win the reward and the social rank of the animal.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon.jpg\">Click here<\/a> for a high-resolution image.<br \/>Credit: Salk Institute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cMost social species organize themselves into hierarchies that guide each individual\u2019s behavior,\u201d says senior author <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/scientist\/kay-tye\/\">\u51ef\u6cf0<\/a>, professor in Salk\u2019s Systems Neurobiology Laboratory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. \u201cUnderstanding how the brain mediates this may help us understand the interplay between social rank, isolation, and psychiatric diseases, such as depression, anxiety, or even substance abuse.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Researchers already knew that an area of the brain called the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was responsible for representing social rank in mammals; alterations to a mouse\u2019s mPFC change an animal\u2019s dominance behavior. But it was unknown how the mPFC represented this information and which neurons (if any) were involved in altering dominance behavior.<\/p>\n<p>In the new study, Tye and her team let groups of four mice share a cage, allowing a social hierarchy to naturally develop\u2014some animals became more dominant and others more subordinate. Then, the researchers selected pairs of cohabitating mice to compete for food rewards in a \u201cround robin\u201d tournament style structure.<\/p>\n<p>To capture the brain activity of the animals, as well as slight, difficult to measure differences in their behavior as they competed, the researchers spearheaded several new technologies. They used new wireless devices to record brain activity in free-roaming animals and developed a multi-animal artificial intelligence tracking tool to follow the movements of the mice over time, even when two animals looked identical. Finally, they turned to new modeling approaches to analyze the data.<\/p>\n<p>As soon as the mice were paired up, the scientists discovered, the activity of neurons in their mPFC could predict\u2014with 90 percent certainty\u2014the rank of their opponent.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe expected that the animals might only signal rank when they heard a beep to start the competition,\u201d says co-first author Nancy Padilla-Coreano, an assistant professor at the University of Florida, who carried out the work while she was a postdoctoral fellow at Salk. \u201cBut it turns out that animals are walking around with this representation of social rank in their brain all the time.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>When the researchers next asked whether the activity of the mPFC neurons was associated with behavior, they found something surprising. The brain activity patterns were linked with slight changes in behavior, such as how fast a mouse moved, and they also could predict\u2014a full 30 seconds before the competition started\u2014which mouse would win the food reward.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_34002\"  class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-34002 size-pr-300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500-300x178.jpg\" alt=\"Kanha Batra, Kay Tye and Nancy Padilla-Coreano\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500-1024x606.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500-768x455.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500-147x87.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500-458x271.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500-585x346.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500-553x327.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500-750x444.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500-767x454.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500-945x559.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500-1250x740.jpg 1250w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500-400x237.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left: Kanha Batra, Kay Tye and Nancy Padilla-Coreano.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Tye-Batra-Nancy-PR-1500.jpg\">Click here<\/a> for a high-resolution image.<br \/>Credit: Salk Institute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>While the more dominant mouse was usually predicted to win, sometimes the model accurately predicted that the subordinate animal would win. The model, the team says, was capturing competitive success, or what some people might call a \u201cwinning mindset.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Just as you might sometimes be in a more competitive mood and be more likely to snatch that pizza slice before your boss, a subordinate mouse might be in a more \u201cwinning mindset\u201d than a more dominant animal and end up winning.<\/p>\n<p>The areas of the mPFC associated with social rank and competitive success are adjacent to one another, the researchers discovered, and highly connected. Signals on social rank, they say, impact the state of the brain involved in competitive success. In other words, a subordinate animal\u2019s confidence and \u201cwinning mindset\u201d may partially diminish when faced with the alpha mouse.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is the first time we\u2019ve been able to capture these internal states that connect social rank to behavior,\u201d says Kanha Batra, a graduate student in the Tye lab and co-first author of the paper. \u201cAt any timepoint, we could predict an animal\u2019s next move from brain activity using these internal states.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The researchers also showed that changes in brain activity occurred when the animals were in competition versus when they were collecting rewards alone. However, social rank of the animals\u2019 living group could still be decoded from the brain activity even when animals were alone.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is all further evidence to suggest that we are in different brain states when we are with others compared to when we\u2019re alone,\u201d says Tye, holder of the Wylie Vale Chair. \u201cRegardless of who you\u2019re with, if you\u2019re aware of other people around you, your brain is using different neurons.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Next, the scientists will examine how and when the animals\u2019 representations of social rank first develop in the brain, as well as how other types of behaviors are affected.<\/p>\n<p>Other authors included Makenzie Patarino, Sebastien B. Hausmann, Reesha Patel, Srishti Mishra, Deryn O. LeDuke, Jasmin Revanna, Hao Li, Matilde Borio, Rachelle Pamintuan, Aneesh Bal, Laurel R. Keyes, Avraham Libster, Romy Wichmann, Fergil Mills, Felix H. Taschbach and Gillian A. Matthews of Salk; Zexin Chen, Hao-Shu Fang and Cewu Lu of Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Rachel R. Rock, Ruihan Zhang, Javier C. Weddington and Ila R. Fiete of Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Yu Eva Zhang of University of California San Diego; and James P. Curley of University of Texas at Austin.<\/p>\n<p>The work was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Institutes of Health (R01-MH115920, Pioneer Award DP1-AT009925 and K99 MH124435-01), JPB Foundation, Dolby Family Fund, the Kavli Foundation, the Simons Center for the Social Brain, Ford Foundation, L\u2019Oreal For Women In Science, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, AI Institute, SJTU, Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, and Meta Technology Group.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":34001,"template":"","faculty":[326],"disease-research":[458,161,124,463],"class_list":["post-34000","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-kay-tye","disease-research-anxiety","disease-research-depression","disease-research-neuroscience-and-neurological-disorders","disease-research-social-isolation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How the brain encodes social rank and \u201cwinning mindset\u201d - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How the brain encodes social rank and \u201cwinning mindset\u201d - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014If you\u2019re reaching for the last piece of pizza at a party and see another hand going for it at the same time, your next move probably depends both on how you feel and whom the hand belongs to. Your little sister\u2014you might go ahead and grab the pizza. Your boss\u2014you\u2019re probably more likely to step back and give up the slice. But if you\u2019re hungry and feeling particularly confident, you might go for it.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-11T21:58:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1042\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1071\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\\\/\",\"name\":\"How the brain encodes social rank and \u201cwinning mindset\u201d - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/03\\\/cartoon.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-16T07:00:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-11T21:58:12+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-CN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-CN\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/03\\\/cartoon.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/03\\\/cartoon.jpg\",\"width\":1042,\"height\":1071,\"caption\":\"Mice that have formed a social hierarchy get placed in a box where they compete for a food reward. Salk scientists can use brain readouts to accurately predict which animal will win the reward and the social rank of the animal.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How the brain encodes social rank and \u201cwinning mindset\u201d\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/\",\"name\":\"Salk Institute for Biological Studies\",\"description\":\"The Power of Science\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-CN\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Salk Institute for Biological Studies\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-CN\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/03\\\/salk_logo_696.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/03\\\/salk_logo_696.jpg\",\"width\":696,\"height\":696,\"caption\":\"Salk Institute for Biological Studies\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How the brain encodes social rank and \u201cwinning mindset\u201d - Salk Institute for Biological Studies","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\/","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"How the brain encodes social rank and \u201cwinning mindset\u201d - Salk Institute for Biological Studies","og_description":"LA JOLLA\u2014If you\u2019re reaching for the last piece of pizza at a party and see another hand going for it at the same time, your next move probably depends both on how you feel and whom the hand belongs to. Your little sister\u2014you might go ahead and grab the pizza. Your boss\u2014you\u2019re probably more likely to step back and give up the slice. But if you\u2019re hungry and feeling particularly confident, you might go for it.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\/","og_site_name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies","article_modified_time":"2023-12-11T21:58:12+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1042,"height":1071,"url":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/news-release\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\/","url":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/news-release\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\/","name":"How the brain encodes social rank and \u201cwinning mindset\u201d - Salk Institute for Biological Studies","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/news-release\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/news-release\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon.jpg","datePublished":"2022-03-16T07:00:40+00:00","dateModified":"2023-12-11T21:58:12+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/news-release\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"zh-CN","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/news-release\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-CN","@id":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/news-release\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/cartoon.jpg","width":1042,"height":1071,"caption":"Mice that have formed a social hierarchy get placed in a box where they compete for a food reward. Salk scientists can use brain readouts to accurately predict which animal will win the reward and the social rank of the animal."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/news-release\/how-the-brain-encodes-social-rank-and-winning-mindset\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How the brain encodes social rank and \u201cwinning mindset\u201d"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/","name":"\u7d22\u5c14\u514b\u751f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6240","description":"The Power of Science","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"zh-CN"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/#organization","name":"\u7d22\u5c14\u514b\u751f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6240","url":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-CN","@id":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"http:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/salk_logo_696.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/salk_logo_696.jpg","width":696,"height":696,"caption":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"ACF":{"paper_url":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04507-5","journal_title":"Nature","paper_author_list":"Nancy Padilla-Coreano, Kanha Batra, Makenzie Patarino, Zexin Chen, Rachel R. Rock, Ruihan Zhang, Sebastien B. Hausmann, Javier C. Weddington, Reesha Patel, Yu Eva Zhang, Hao-Shu Fang, Srishti Mishra, Deryn O. LeDuke, Jasmin Revanna, Hao Li, Matilde Borio, Rachelle Pamintuan, Aneesh Bal, Laurel R. Keyes, Avraham Libster, Romy Wichmann, Fergil Mills, Felix H. Taschbach, Gillian A. Matthews, James P. Curley, Ila R. Fiete, Cewu Lu, Kay M. Tye","doi":"","paper_title":"Cortical ensembles orchestrate social competition via hypothalamic outputs","subhead":"In mice, one area of the brain is constantly tuned in to whether nearby animals are higher or lower in social hierarchy","home_photo":"","listing_photo":"","legacy_boilerplate":[],"hide_boilerplate":[],"disable_date":false,"listing_excerpt":"","descriptive_blurb":"","has_journal_cover":false,"og_image_override":false,"gallery":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disclosure\/34000","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disclosure"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/disclosure"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disclosure\/34000\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34089,"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disclosure\/34000\/revisions\/34089"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34000"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"faculty","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/faculty?post=34000"},{"taxonomy":"disease-research","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disease-research?post=34000"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}