{"id":24873,"date":"2019-11-21T00:00:31","date_gmt":"2019-11-21T08:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&#038;p=24873"},"modified":"2024-01-30T14:45:57","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T22:45:57","slug":"brain-biomarker-predicts-compulsive-drinking","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/brain-biomarker-predicts-compulsive-drinking\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8111\u751f\u7269\u6807\u5fd7\u7269\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u5f3a\u8feb\u6027\u996e\u9152"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>LA JOLLA\u2014Although alcohol use is ubiquitous in modern society, only a portion of individuals develop alcohol use disorders or addiction. Yet, scientists have not understood why some individuals are prone to develop drinking problems, while others are not. Now, Salk Institute researchers have discovered a brain circuit that controls alcohol drinking behavior in mice, and can be used as a biomarker for predicting the development of compulsive drinking later on. The findings were published in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aay1186\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u79d1\u5b66<\/a> <\/em>on November 21, 2019, and could potentially have implications for understanding human binge drinking and addiction in the future.<\/p>\n<div class=\"row\" style=\"\"><div class=\"col-md-12 col-md-push-0\"><div class=\"video-anchor\" id=\"video-YxsVC48hKhM\"><\/div><div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\"> <iframe class=\"embed-responsive-item\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YxsVC48hKhM?rel=0\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><!-- .embed-responsive --><\/div><!-- .col-md-*size --><\/div><!-- .\/row -->\n<p>\u201cI hope this will be a landmark study, as we\u2019ve found (for the first time) a brain circuit that can accurately <em>predict<\/em> which mice will develop compulsive alcohol drinking <em>weeks<\/em> before the behavior starts,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/scientist\/kay-tye\/\">\u51ef\u6cf0<\/a>, a professor in the Systems Neurobiology Laboratory and holder of the Wylie Vale Chair. \u201cThis research bridges the gap between circuit analysis and alcohol\/addiction research, and provides a first glimpse at how representations of compulsive alcohol drinking develop across time in the brain.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24908\"  class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"458\" height=\"352\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-24908 size-col-md-5\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500-458x352.jpg\" alt=\"Nuclei (blue) of the medial prefrontal cortex neurons projecting their axons (green) to the periaqueductal gray area.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500-458x352.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500-768x590.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500-1024x787.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500-147x113.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500-585x450.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500-553x425.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500-750x577.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500-767x590.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500-945x726.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500-1250x961.jpg 1250w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500-400x307.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nuclei (blue) of the medial prefrontal cortex neurons projecting their axons (green) to the periaqueductal gray area.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/PR-Tye-Science-alochol-1500.jpg\">Click here<\/a> for a high-resolution image.<\/p>\n<p>Credit: Salk Institute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The National Institutes of Health defines alcohol use disorder as a chronic brain disease in which an individual drinks compulsively, often with accompanying negative emotions. Previous research has focused on examining the brain <em>after<\/em> a drinking disorder develops. Tye\u2019s team sought to discover the brain circuits that are responsible for a predisposition for compulsive drinking to develop in the first place, which had not been previously studied.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe initially sought to understand how the brain is altered by binge drinking to drive compulsive alcohol consumption,\u201d says Cody Siciliano, first author and assistant professor in the Department of Pharmacology at Vanderbilt University. \u201cIn the process, we stumbled across a surprising finding where we were actually able to predict which animals would become compulsive based on neural activity during the very first time they drank.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In this study, the researchers created a test called a binge-induced compulsion task (BICT) to examine how susceptibility toward alcohol consumption interacts with experience to produce compulsive drinking in mice. The BICT allowed the researchers to examine alcohol consumption as well as consumption with negative consequences, such as a bitter taste added to the alcohol. Through a series of tests, the scientists observed that the mice could be sorted into three groups: low drinkers, high drinkers and compulsive drinkers. Unlike the first two groups, the compulsive drinkers showed insensitivity to negative consequences.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24909\"  class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-24909 size-pr-300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Kay_Tye_767_vert-300x450.jpg\" alt=\"Kay Tye\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Kay_Tye_767_vert-300x450.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Kay_Tye_767_vert-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Kay_Tye_767_vert-682x1024.jpg 682w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Kay_Tye_767_vert-147x221.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Kay_Tye_767_vert-458x687.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Kay_Tye_767_vert-585x878.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Kay_Tye_767_vert-553x830.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Kay_Tye_767_vert-750x1125.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Kay_Tye_767_vert.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Kay_Tye_767_vert-400x600.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u51ef\u6cf0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Kay_Tye_767_vert.jpg\">Click here<\/a> for a high-resolution image.<\/p>\n<p>Credit: Salk Institute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The researchers then used an imaging technique called microendoscopic single-cell resolution calcium imaging to chart the cells and brain regions of interest prior to drinking, during drinking and after drinking alcohol. Specifically, they looked at neuron activity in two regions involved in behavioral control and responding to adverse events: the medial prefrontal cortex and the periaqueductal gray matter, respectively. They found that the development of compulsive alcohol drinking was related to neural communication patterns between the two brain regions, and was a biomarker for predicting future compulsive drinking. Further, the researchers used optogenetics to control the activity of the neural pathway using light. By turning the brain circuit on or off, the scientists were able to either increase compulsive alcohol drinking or reduce it.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNow, we can look into the brain and find activity patterns that predict if mice will become compulsive drinkers in the future, before the compulsion develops,\u201d says Tye. \u201cWe do not know if this brain circuit is specific to alcohol or if the same circuit is involved in multiple different compulsive behaviors such as those related to other substances of abuse or natural rewards, so that is something we need to investigate.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Next, the scientists plan to sequence these cortical-brainstem neurons in order to identify targets that could be used for therapeutics.<\/p>\n<p>Other authors included Habiba Noamany, Chia-Jung Chang, Alex R. Brown, Xinhong Chen, Daniel Leible, Jennifer J. Lee, Joyce Wang, Amanda N. Vernon, Caitlin M. Vander Weele, Eyal Y. Kimchi and Myriam Heiman.<\/p>\n<p>The work was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health (F32 MH111216, K99 DA045103, R01-MH102441, DP2-DK102256 and DP1-AT009925), the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, New York Stem Cell Foundation and the JPB Foundation.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":24907,"template":"","faculty":[326],"disease-research":[124,461],"class_list":["post-24873","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-kay-tye","disease-research-neuroscience-and-neurological-disorders","disease-research-substance-abuse"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Brain biomarker predicts compulsive drinking - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/brain-biomarker-predicts-compulsive-drinking\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Brain biomarker predicts compulsive drinking - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014Although alcohol use is ubiquitous in modern society, only a portion of individuals develop alcohol use disorders or addiction. 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The findings were published in Science on November 21, 2019, and could potentially have implications for understanding human binge drinking and addiction in the future.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/brain-biomarker-predicts-compulsive-drinking\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-30T22:45:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Science-Image-767.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"767\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"767\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/brain-biomarker-predicts-compulsive-drinking\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/brain-biomarker-predicts-compulsive-drinking\\\/\",\"name\":\"Brain biomarker predicts compulsive drinking - 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