{"id":18939,"date":"2018-07-23T11:33:28","date_gmt":"2018-07-23T18:33:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&p=18939"},"modified":"2018-07-23T15:40:06","modified_gmt":"2018-07-23T22:40:06","slug":"depleting-microbiome-with-antibiotics-can-affect-glucose-metabolism","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/depleting-microbiome-with-antibiotics-can-affect-glucose-metabolism\/","title":{"rendered":"Depleting microbiome with antibiotics can affect glucose metabolism"},"content":{"rendered":"

LA JOLLA\u2014A new study from the Salk Institute has found that mice that have their microbiomes depleted with antibiotics have decreased levels of glucose in their blood and better insulin sensitivity. The research has implications for understanding the role of the microbiome in diabetes. It also could lead to better insight into the side effects seen in people who are being treated with high levels of antibiotics. The study appeared in the journal Nature Communications<\/em><\/a> on July 20, 2018.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis research is very exciting, because the situation we\u2019ve created in these mice is very similar to what humans go through when they\u2019re treated with multiple antibiotics,\u201d says \u8428\u5947\u8fbe\u5357\u8fbe\u00b7\u6f58\u8fbe<\/a>, a professor in Salk\u2019s Regulatory Biology Laboratory and the paper\u2019s senior author. \u201cNow that we know about these effects on glucose metabolism, we can look for components of the microbiome that influence them.\u201d<\/p>\n

The microbiome is the collection of microorganisms that live in an animal’s body, many of which are essential for health. Previous studies have shown that mice whose microbiomes are deficient in certain types of bacteria are more likely to develop diabetes. There is also some evidence that certain microbes may be protective against diabetes.<\/p>\n

\"Satchin
\u8428\u5947\u8fbe\u5357\u8fbe\u00b7\u6f58\u8fbe<\/p>\n

Click here<\/a> for a high-resolution image.<\/p>\n

Credit: Salk Institute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

“Many scientists doing microbiome experiments with mice use antibiotics to clear out bacteria before their intervention,” says Amir Zarrinpar, an assistant professor at UC San Diego and the paper’s first author. “We show that such clearing out has a tremendous effect on the metabolism of the mouse. So some metabolic effects can be attributed to this depletion rather than the intervention.”<\/p>\n

The researchers didn\u2019t set out to look specifically at how antibiotic-induced depletion influences glucose levels. They wanted to look at the circadian (24 hour) rhythms of mouse metabolism when the microbiome is depleted. This type of research is often done with mice raised in germ-free environments.<\/p>\n

\u201cBecause we didn\u2019t have access to these germ-free mice, we decided to instead deplete the microbiome using common antibiotics from the clinic,\u201d Panda says. The investigators used a cocktail of four different antibiotics in the mice to do so. \u201cThis weakness\u2014not having the right kind of mice\u2014became a strength that enabled us to make this unexpected discovery,\u201d Panda says.<\/p>\n

After treating the mice, the investigators observed that there was a large decrease in the diversity of microorganisms present in their guts, as expected. When they looked at the metabolisms of the mice, they found that they were able to clear glucose from their blood much faster than expected.<\/p>\n

Further studies showed that the colon tissue in the mice was acting as a kind of sink for the glucose\u2014absorbing the extra sugar and thereby reducing its levels in the blood. This behavior fit the observation that the mice had colons that were greatly increased in size.<\/p>\n

The researchers then discovered that these metabolic changes were actually related to changes in liver function and to the bile acids that were being released by the liver. The mice did not have changes in body fat composition or in what they ate\u2014the two things that normally influence glucose metabolism and are known to play a role in type 2 diabetes in humans.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019re not suggesting that type 2 diabetes be treated with antibiotics,\u201d Panda explains.<\/p>\n

Zarrinpar, who is a member of the\u00a0UC San Diego Center for Microbiome Innovation<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>adds, “It’s just interesting to see that there is a way the microbiome can be manipulated to make the gut produce high levels of hormones that make the body more sensitive to insulin.”<\/p>\n

The next steps are to look at how the changes in the liver are occurring and which component of the microbiome is influencing the changes. \u201cPerhaps we could find ways to support the growth of certain gut microbes and induce these changes in glucose regulation in humans,\u201d Panda concludes. \u201cWe are now one step closer to translating this research.\u201d<\/p>\n

The paper\u2019s other authors were Amandine Chaix and Alan Saghatelian of Salk and Zhenjiang Z. Xu, Max W. Chang, Clarisse A. Marotz and Rob Knight of UC San Diego.<\/p>\n

This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health, an American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Liver Scholar Award, an American Heart Association Beginning Grant-in-Aid, an American Gastroenterological Association Microbiome Junior Investigator Research Award, an American Diabetes Association Mentor-Based Postdoctoral Fellowship, the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, and the Glenn Foundation.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","faculty":[111,105],"disease-research":[165,123],"class_list":["post-18939","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","hentry","faculty-alan-saghatelian","faculty-satchidananda-panda","disease-research-diabetes-type-2","disease-research-metabolism-and-diabetes"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDepleting microbiome with antibiotics can affect glucose metabolism - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/depleting-microbiome-with-antibiotics-can-affect-glucose-metabolism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Depleting microbiome with antibiotics can affect glucose metabolism - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014A new study from the Salk Institute has found that mice that have their microbiomes depleted with antibiotics have decreased levels of glucose in their blood and better insulin sensitivity. 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