{"id":11268,"date":"2016-10-21T09:22:57","date_gmt":"2016-10-21T16:22:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&p=11268"},"modified":"2024-01-30T15:26:19","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T23:26:19","slug":"salk-scientists-adapt-computer-program-gauge-eye-spasm-severity","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/salk-scientists-adapt-computer-program-gauge-eye-spasm-severity\/","title":{"rendered":"Salk scientists adapt computer program to gauge eye spasm severity"},"content":{"rendered":"

LA JOLLA\u2014If two clinicians observe the same patient with blepharospasm\u2014uncontrollable muscle contractions around the eye\u2014they\u2019ll often come away with two different conclusions on the severity of the patient\u2019s symptoms. That\u2019s because the rating scales for blepharospasm are notoriously subjective and unreliable.<\/p>\n

Now, in an attempt to provide a more objective scale for research and diagnosis, scientists at the Salk Institute have developed a computer program that takes over the job, analyzing videos of patients\u2019 faces. The program could eventually be expanded to help study facial tics and twitches in other contexts, including Tourette syndrome, schizophrenia, and Parkinson\u2019s disease. The research was described online on October 21, 2016 in Neurology<\/em><\/a>, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe field of neurology has a long tradition of making clinical decisions based on careful observations. We hope to supplement that expertise by leveraging advances in computer vision and machine learning,\u201d says \u7279\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u585e\u6d25\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5947<\/a>, head of Salk\u2019s Computational Neurobiology Laboratory and senior author of the new work.<\/p>\n

\"David
David Peterson and Terrence Sejnowski<\/p>\n

Click here<\/a> for a high-resolution image.<\/p>\n

Credit: Salk Institute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Blepharospasm involves abnormal and involuntary twitching of the eyelid and surrounding muscles. Often, its cause is unknown, but the spasms can be triggered by fatigue or stress and are also associated with certain drugs, hormone changes and many other disorders, including multiple sclerosis. To help with research into the underlying causes, as well as trials of potential treatments, scientists have previously developed three different rating scales that can be used to put a number on blepharosplasm severity, but studies have shown that the ratings have a high level of variability.<\/p>\n

\u201cThey\u2019re inherently subjective because they\u2019re based on human judgment,\u201d says David Peterson, a project scientist at Salk and the University of California, San Diego and first author of the new paper. \u201cAnd when these measures are used either to optimize treatment in clinical care or during studies of the condition, that variability introduces error.\u201d<\/p>\n

Sejnowski, Peterson and collaborators customized existing facial analysis software called Computer Expression Recognition Toolbox (CERT) to make the ratings objective. In the past, CERT has been used to analyze facial expressions as they relate to emotions. The team modified the program to quantify how often a patient\u2019s eyes closed when they were instructed to keep them open. They tested the program using 49 existing videos of patients with blepharospasm who had already enrolled in a nationwide research program and been recorded while following a set of commands to open and close their eyes. The records included ratings of the blepharospasm that had been given by doctors who saw the patients. Additionally, Peterson\u2019s coauthors in the study included a set of experienced clinicians who rated the severity of each patient\u2019s eye spasms by watching the same video being analyzed by CERT.<\/p>\n

The new program was able to find a patient\u2019s face in 100 percent of the video frames for 46 of the 49 patients\u2014in the 3 other cases, it identified the face in more than 93 percent of video frames. CERT\u2019s measure of severity, given as a percentage of eye closure time, correlated with the ratings given by both live clinicians as well as those who watched the video. The correlations varied slightly, but that was expected because of the natural variation in the standard rating scales, the researchers say. \u201cNext, we have some further software development that has to happen to make the program more automated, and it needs to be validated with larger cohorts,\u201d says Peterson.<\/p>\n

Once validated for use with blepharospasm, Peterson points out that CERT could be adapted to be used for other disorders that involve abnormal movements and muscle contractions in the face.<\/p>\n

Other researchers on the study were Gwen C. Littlewort and Marian S. Bartlett of the University of California, San Diego, Antonella Macerollo of University College London, Joel S. Perlmutter of Washington University School of Medicine, H.A. Jinnah of Emory University, and Mark Hallett of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.<\/p>\n

The work and the researchers involved were supported by grants from the Dystonia Coalition<\/a>, the Office of Rare Diseases Research at the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences<\/a> and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke<\/a>, the Bachmann-Strauss Dystonia & Parkinson Foundation<\/a>, the Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation<\/a>, the Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind<\/a> at UCSD, the National Institute of Mental Health<\/a>, and the National Science Foundation<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":11271,"template":"","faculty":[114],"disease-research":[332,162,167],"class_list":["post-11268","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-terrence-sejnowski","disease-research-computational-biology","disease-research-parkinsons-disease","disease-research-schizophrenia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSalk scientists adapt computer program to gauge eye spasm severity - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/zh\/news-release\/salk-scientists-adapt-computer-program-gauge-eye-spasm-severity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Salk scientists adapt computer program to gauge eye spasm severity - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014If two clinicians observe the same patient with blepharospasm\u2014uncontrollable muscle contractions around the eye\u2014they\u2019ll often come away with two different conclusions on the severity of the patient\u2019s symptoms. 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