{"id":50749,"date":"2024-09-03T13:42:18","date_gmt":"2024-09-03T20:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&#038;p=50749"},"modified":"2024-09-03T15:09:18","modified_gmt":"2024-09-03T22:09:18","slug":"fuel-level-low-energy-deficits-harm-athletes-health-new-research-tool-reveals-how","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/fuel-level-low-energy-deficits-harm-athletes-health-new-research-tool-reveals-how\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00a1Nivel de combustible bajo! Los d\u00e9ficits energ\u00e9ticos perjudican la salud de los atletas, revela una nueva herramienta de investigaci\u00f3n."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>LA JOLLA\u2014En 2014, el Comit\u00e9 Ol\u00edmpico Internacional dio nombre a un s\u00edndrome que afecta a muchos de sus atletas: la deficiencia energ\u00e9tica relativa en el deporte, o REDs. Actualmente se estima que m\u00e1s de 40% de atletas profesionales padecen REDs, y la tasa podr\u00eda ser a\u00fan mayor entre los atletas recreativos y las personas que practican ejercicio f\u00edsico.<\/p>\n<p>Los deportistas desarrollan el s\u00edndrome de d\u00e9ficit energ\u00e9tico (RED) cuando, de manera constante, gastan m\u00e1s energ\u00eda a trav\u00e9s de su actividad f\u00edsica de la que ingieren con su dieta. Con el tiempo, este d\u00e9ficit energ\u00e9tico prolongado puede provocar una amplia gama de s\u00edntomas, entre los que se incluyen problemas hormonales y reproductivos, insomnio y fatiga, debilidad \u00f3sea y lesiones, as\u00ed como un mayor riesgo de ansiedad y depresi\u00f3n. A pesar de su alta prevalencia, se sabe poco sobre c\u00f3mo funciona el RED a nivel celular y molecular, en gran parte porque no exist\u00eda un modelo de laboratorio establecido para este s\u00edndrome.<\/p>\n<p>Ahora, investigadores del Instituto Salk han creado un modelo murino de referencia para el s\u00edndrome RED y ya lo est\u00e1n utilizando para comprender mejor esta afecci\u00f3n. Su investigaci\u00f3n inicial revel\u00f3 que el s\u00edndrome RED afecta el tama\u00f1o de los \u00f3rganos y los patrones de expresi\u00f3n g\u00e9nica en todo el cuerpo. Es m\u00e1s, esta deficiencia energ\u00e9tica parece afectar de manera diferente a los ratones machos y a las hembras: en los machos, la salud renal fue la m\u00e1s afectada, mientras que en las hembras, la salud reproductiva y la masa muscular fueron las m\u00e1s afectadas.<\/p>\n<p>Los hallazgos, publicados en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/cell-metabolism\/fulltext\/S1550-4131(24)00328-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Metabolismo celular<\/em><\/a> el 3 de septiembre de 2024, identificar posibles biomarcadores para diagnosticar de forma m\u00e1s concluyente los RED y proporcionar nuevas dianas moleculares para futuros tratamientos que puedan detener, revertir o prevenir por completo el s\u00edndrome.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_50752\"  class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"345\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-50752 size-pr-300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-300x345.jpg\" alt=\"Depicted on a pot inspired by the ancient Greek origins of the Olympics, two torch-wielding athletes and their coinciding mouse models.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-300x345.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-261x300.jpg 261w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-890x1024.jpg 890w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-768x884.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-1334x1536.jpg 1334w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-1779x2048.jpg 1779w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-147x169.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-458x527.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-585x673.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-553x637.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-750x863.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-767x883.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-945x1088.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">En una vasija inspirada en los or\u00edgenes de la Antigua Grecia de los Juegos Ol\u00edmpicos, se muestran dos atletas con antorchas y sus modelos murinos correspondientes, con REDs (izquierda) y sin ellos (derecha).<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.<br \/>Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cSin un modelo animal del s\u00edndrome, no hab\u00eda forma de comprender sus mecanismos a nivel celular o molecular\u201d, afirma el profesor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/scientist\/satchidananda-panda\/\">Satchidananda Panda<\/a>, autor principal del estudio y titular de la C\u00e1tedra Rita y Richard Atkinson en Salk. \u201cAl establecer un modelo de rat\u00f3n eficaz para los Trastornos de la Energ\u00eda Relacionados con el Deporte (REDs), ahora podemos investigar sistem\u00e1ticamente c\u00f3mo el s\u00edndrome afecta a cada \u00f3rgano, tejido y hueso del cuerpo y qu\u00e9 podemos hacer para ayudar a los atletas que experimentan estos s\u00edntomas\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Otros grupos han intentado desarrollar modelos en roedores de los trastornos de la regulaci\u00f3n de la alimentaci\u00f3n (RED), pero en su mayor\u00eda no han logrado reproducir sus numerosos s\u00edntomas. Los cient\u00edficos del Instituto Salk adoptaron un nuevo enfoque y, al modificar gradualmente la relaci\u00f3n entre el ejercicio y la alimentaci\u00f3n de los animales, lograron imitar muchas caracter\u00edsticas humanas del RED, entre ellas los altos niveles de actividad, la baja ingesta de energ\u00eda, la reducci\u00f3n del peso corporal, los patrones alterados de actividad y descanso, y la disminuci\u00f3n del nivel de az\u00facar en sangre. Tambi\u00e9n se centraron en ratones relativamente j\u00f3venes para modelar el rango de edad t\u00edpico de los atletas profesionales, equivalente a los 20-25 a\u00f1os en los seres humanos.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNuestro modelo en ratones supone un hito incre\u00edble en la investigaci\u00f3n actual sobre los RED\u201d, afirma Laura van Rosmalen, autora principal del estudio e investigadora posdoctoral en el laboratorio de Panda. \u201cY aunque no sea muy bueno para los deportistas, para nosotros, los cient\u00edficos, resulta realmente interesante \u2014y sorprendente\u2014 ver c\u00f3mo este s\u00edndrome afecta a todo el cuerpo\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mediante este nuevo modelo murino, los cient\u00edficos evaluaron c\u00f3mo afecta el REDs a la anatom\u00eda y a los niveles de expresi\u00f3n g\u00e9nica de 19 \u00f3rganos diferentes. Los ratones con REDs mostraron una reducci\u00f3n significativa del tama\u00f1o de \u00f3rganos vitales, incluidos los ri\u00f1ones y los \u00f3rganos reproductivos, as\u00ed como un deterioro de la calidad \u00f3sea. Los experimentos tambi\u00e9n revelaron varios cambios moleculares en la sangre que podr\u00edan utilizarse como biomarcadores para diagnosticar el REDs en pacientes, lo que supone un enfoque diagn\u00f3stico mucho m\u00e1s eficaz que los m\u00e9todos actuales basados en cuestionarios.<\/p>\n<p>Los cient\u00edficos tambi\u00e9n detectaron varios marcadores elevados de estr\u00e9s en los ratones REDs, incluida la activaci\u00f3n de una red hormonal que conecta el cerebro con el cuerpo y que se sabe que contribuye a la ansiedad y la depresi\u00f3n, con efectos m\u00e1s pronunciados en las hembras. Lo que algunos atletas podr\u00edan atribuir a los nervios previos a la competencia, a\u00f1ade Panda, podr\u00eda ser en realidad cambios psicol\u00f3gicos m\u00e1s profundos relacionados con el s\u00edndrome.<\/p>\n<p>El nuevo modelo y los resultados iniciales se derivan del trabajo de Panda con el <a href=\"https:\/\/humanperformancealliance.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alianza Wu Tsai para el Rendimiento Humano<\/a>\u2014un equipo colaborativo de investigadores que estudia el rendimiento humano m\u00e1ximo y el deporte con el objetivo de \u201cpermitir que todas las personas alcancen una salud y un bienestar \u00f3ptimos\u201d y un <a href=\"https:\/\/humanperformancealliance.org\/female-athlete\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00e9nfasis en las deportistas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_50753\"  class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-50753 size-pr-300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"Satchidananda Panda and Laura van Rosmalen\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author-1024x667.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author-768x500.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author-1536x1000.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author-147x96.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author-458x298.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author-585x381.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author-553x360.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author-750x488.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author-767x499.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author-945x615.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">De izquierda a derecha: Satchidananda Panda y Laura van Rosmalen.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-author.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.<br \/>Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cLa receta para la salud no es \u2018comer menos y hacer m\u00e1s ejercicio\u2019\u201d, afirma Panda. \u201cDe hecho, combinar estos dos h\u00e1bitos, que por separado son razonables, no parece una buena idea si ya gozas de buena salud. Pero, hasta ahora, parece que la soluci\u00f3n para los RED no es tan simple como aumentar la ingesta cal\u00f3rica. Ahora tenemos mucho que investigar con este modelo para determinar exactamente cu\u00e1les deber\u00edan ser nuestras recomendaciones cl\u00ednicas, y espero con inter\u00e9s continuar esa exploraci\u00f3n que ahora es posible\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1s all\u00e1 del \u00e1mbito deportivo, los trastornos alimentarios relacionados con el rendimiento (RED) tambi\u00e9n pueden afectar a otras personas con un desequilibrio energ\u00e9tico negativo, como aquellas que padecen trastornos alimentarios tales como la anorexia nerviosa. Las futuras investigaciones sobre la prevenci\u00f3n y el tratamiento de los RED tendr\u00e1n un impacto positivo tanto en estas poblaciones como en los deportistas, lo que contribuir\u00e1 a mejorar la salud general de la poblaci\u00f3n, en consonancia con la misi\u00f3n de la Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance.<\/p>\n<p>Entre los dem\u00e1s autores se encuentran Geraldine Maier, Terry Lin, Vince Rothenberg, Shaunak Deota y Ramesh Ramasamy, del Instituto Salk; Jiaoyue Zhu, Elena Zhemchuzhnikova y Roelof Hut, de la Universidad de Groningen (Pa\u00edses Bajos); y Erica Gacasan, Swithin Razu, Robert Sah y Andrew McCulloch, de la Universidad de California en San Diego.<\/p>\n<p>Este trabajo ha contado con el apoyo de la Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, la Fundaci\u00f3n Joe y Clara Tsai, la Fundaci\u00f3n George E. Hewitt para la Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica, una beca de innovaci\u00f3n del Instituto Salk, los Institutos Nacionales de Salud (SIG #S10 OD026929, NCI CCSG: P30 014195), la Fundaci\u00f3n Chapman, el Helmsley Charitable Trust y la Fundaci\u00f3n Nacional de Ciencias (ACI-1548562).<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","faculty":[105],"disease-research":[458,161,123,124],"class_list":["post-50749","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","hentry","faculty-satchidananda-panda","disease-research-anxiety","disease-research-depression","disease-research-metabolism-and-diabetes","disease-research-neuroscience-and-neurological-disorders"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fuel level low! Energy deficits harm athletes\u2019 health, new research tool reveals how - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/fuel-level-low-energy-deficits-harm-athletes-health-new-research-tool-reveals-how\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fuel level low! Energy deficits harm athletes\u2019 health, new research tool reveals how - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014In 2014, the International Olympic Committee named a syndrome affecting many of its athletes: relative energy deficiency in sport, or REDs. It\u2019s now estimated that more than 40% of professional athletes have REDs, and the rate could be even higher in recreational athletes and exercisers.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/fuel-level-low-energy-deficits-harm-athletes-health-new-research-tool-reveals-how\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-03T22:09:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/240903-pr-panda-illustration-300x345.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/fuel-level-low-energy-deficits-harm-athletes-health-new-research-tool-reveals-how\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/fuel-level-low-energy-deficits-harm-athletes-health-new-research-tool-reveals-how\\\/\",\"name\":\"Fuel level low! 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Energy deficits harm athletes\u2019 health, new research tool reveals how - Salk Institute for Biological Studies","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/fuel-level-low-energy-deficits-harm-athletes-health-new-research-tool-reveals-how\/","og_locale":"es_MX","og_type":"article","og_title":"Fuel level low! Energy deficits harm athletes\u2019 health, new research tool reveals how - Salk Institute for Biological Studies","og_description":"LA JOLLA\u2014In 2014, the International Olympic Committee named a syndrome affecting many of its athletes: relative energy deficiency in sport, or REDs. 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