{"id":50215,"date":"2024-07-18T08:25:16","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T15:25:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&p=50215"},"modified":"2024-07-18T15:25:28","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T22:25:28","slug":"study-reveals-key-gene-protecting-plants-from-harmful-metals-in-soil","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/study-reveals-key-gene-protecting-plants-from-harmful-metals-in-soil\/","title":{"rendered":"Estudio revela gen clave que protege a las plantas de metales da\u00f1inos en el suelo"},"content":{"rendered":"

LA JOLLA\u2014El impacto negativo de la actividad humana en la Tierra no solo afecta la atm\u00f3sfera de nuestro planeta, sino que va mucho m\u00e1s profundo, hasta sus suelos. Por ejemplo, la aplicaci\u00f3n excesiva de esti\u00e9rcol o lodos residuales puede aumentar las concentraciones de metales pesados en tierras agr\u00edcolas donde se cultivan cultivos vitales. Uno de estos metales pesados es el zinc, un micronutriente necesario para la salud de plantas y animales. Sin embargo, en exceso, el zinc puede ser extremadamente da\u00f1ino para especies de plantas sensibles.\r\n<\/p>\r\n

\"From<\/a>
De izquierda a derecha: Wolfgang Busch y Kaizhen Zhong.
Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

\r\nAlgunas plantas tienen una tolerancia natural m\u00e1s alta al zinc que les permite prosperar en condiciones de toxicidad, pero la biolog\u00eda detr\u00e1s de esto no estaba clara anteriormente. En un nuevo estudio, cient\u00edficos del Instituto Salk identificaron un gen que ayuda a las plantas a manejar el exceso de zinc en el suelo.\r\n<\/p>

\r\nLos hallazgos, publicados en Comunicaciones de la Naturaleza<\/a><\/em> el 11 de julio de 2024, se revela que las plantas toleran altos niveles de zinc al atraparlo en las paredes celulares de sus ra\u00edces, un proceso facilitado por un gen llamado birrefringencia de tricomas o TBR. Los cient\u00edficos y agricultores ahora pueden usar esta informaci\u00f3n para desarrollar y cultivar cultivos m\u00e1s resistentes a la contaminaci\u00f3n del suelo. Mejorar la resiliencia de las plantas es un objetivo importante del Salk Iniciativa de Aprovechamiento de Plantas<\/a>.\r\n<\/p>\r\n

\r\n\u201cLa estructura de la pared celular es como un andamio que puede almacenar zinc lejos del resto de la planta y, si el gen TBR est\u00e1 activo, las plantas pueden almacenar m\u00e1s<\/em> \u201dzinc away\", explica el autor principal Wolfgang Busch<\/a>, profesor, director ejecutivo de la Harnessing Plants Initiative y titular Hess en Ciencias Vegetales en Salk. \u201cLo interesante de este simple proceso es que puede ser la diferencia entre la vida y la muerte para una planta expuesta a condiciones t\u00f3xicas\u201d.\u201d\r\n<\/p>

\r\nLa capacidad de la pared celular para almacenar zinc depende en gran medida de un proceso llamado metilesterificaci\u00f3n de pectina, un proceso que altera la estructura de las mol\u00e9culas de pectina esponjosas dentro de las paredes celulares para que puedan absorber m\u00e1s zinc. Para comprender mejor esto, los investigadores realizaron un estudio de asociaci\u00f3n en todo el genoma para identificar genes de plantas asociados con una mayor metilesterificaci\u00f3n de pectina.\r\n<\/p>\r\n

\"Lotus<\/a>
Lotus japonicus<\/em> germen, tipo salvaje (izquierda) y hom\u00f3logo de TBR (derecha), en niveles normales de zinc (arriba) y niveles altos de zinc (abajo).

Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>

\r\n\u201cDescubrimos que las variantes del alelo TBR influyen en los cambios en la metilesterificaci\u00f3n de la pectina y ayudan a determinar la capacidad de una planta para tolerar niveles m\u00e1s altos de zinc\u201d, dice Kaizhen Zhong, primer autor y ex estudiante graduado visitante en el laboratorio de Busch. \u201cSaber esto es realmente importante porque ahora podemos introducir o activar este gen en otras plantas para crear cultivos que sean m\u00e1s resistentes a los cambios ambientales\u201d.\u201d\r\n<\/p>

\r\nEstos experimentos iniciales se realizaron en Arabidopsis thaliana<\/em>, una peque\u00f1a planta con flores que los cient\u00edficos usan como organismo modelo para estudiar biolog\u00eda vegetal. El siguiente paso de los investigadores fue ver si este gen funciona de manera similar en otras plantas, incluidas especies de cultivos importantes. \r\n<\/p>

\r\nPara hacer esto, los cient\u00edficos colocaron Oryza sativa<\/em>, una cepa com\u00fan de arroz y cultivo b\u00e1sico para miles de millones de personas, en suelos con niveles t\u00f3xicos de zinc. Compararon espec\u00edficamente dos versiones de Oryza<\/em>\u2014uno con el gen TBR funcional y otro sin \u00e9l\u2014 y monitorearon su crecimiento radicular como medida de tolerancia al zinc.\r\n<\/p>

\r\nEl arroz con TBR funcional prosper\u00f3, confirmando que este mecanismo de supervivencia para la toxicidad por zinc se conserva en m\u00faltiples especies de plantas. La misma prueba se realiz\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n con la leguminosa Lotus japonicus<\/em>, produciendo el mismo resultado. \r\n<\/p>

\r\n\u201cLo emocionante es que nuestros datos sugieren que este fen\u00f3meno se conserva en todas las plantas con flores, que constituyen la gran mayor\u00eda de las especies de plantas y cultivos alimentarios\u201d, dice Busch. \u201cEste descubrimiento podr\u00eda aplicarse para aumentar la resiliencia de las plantas a niveles t\u00f3xicos de zinc y ayudar a sustentar nuestro suministro futuro de alimentos\u201d.\u201d\r\n<\/p>

\r\nCon la poblaci\u00f3n mundial proyectada a aumentar hasta 11 mil millones para 2080 y la creciente prevalencia de toxicidad por zinc en nuestros suelos, es imperativo que se logre un progreso en el desarrollo de cultivos que puedan soportar estas condiciones. Este estudio es un paso importante para alcanzar ese objetivo.\r\n<\/p>

\r\nOtros autores incluyen a Matthieu Pierre Platre, Wenrong He, Ling Zhang, Anna Ma\u0142olepszy y Min Cao del Salk; Peng Zhang, Xiangjin Wei, Shikai Hu y Shaoqing Tang del Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n del Arroz en China; Baohai Li del Salk y de la Universidad de Zhejiang en China; y Peisong Hu del Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n del Arroz en China y de la Universidad Agr\u00edcola de Jiangxi.\r\n<\/p>

\r\nEl trabajo fue apoyado por la C\u00e1tedra Hess en Ciencia de las Plantas de Salk, la Fundaci\u00f3n Provincial de Ciencias Naturales de Zhejiang de China (LDQ23C130001), la Fundaci\u00f3n Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de China (32188102, 32071991), el Programa Clave de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo de la Provincia de Zhejiang (2020R51007, 2021C02056-1) y la Fundaci\u00f3n Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de China (32172656).<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":50227,"template":"","faculty":[300],"disease-research":[450,125,451],"class_list":["post-50215","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-wolfgang-busch","disease-research-climate-change","disease-research-plant-biology","disease-research-plant-genomics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStudy reveals key gene protecting plants from harmful metals in soil - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/study-reveals-key-gene-protecting-plants-from-harmful-metals-in-soil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Study reveals key gene protecting plants from harmful metals in soil - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014The negative impact of human activity on Earth doesn\u2019t just affect our planet\u2019s atmosphere\u2014it goes much deeper, into its soils. 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