{"id":42379,"date":"2023-09-20T07:52:13","date_gmt":"2023-09-20T14:52:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&p=42379"},"modified":"2024-01-30T14:10:50","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T22:10:50","slug":"reducing-stress-on-t-cells-makes-them-better-cancer-fighters","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/reducing-stress-on-t-cells-makes-them-better-cancer-fighters\/","title":{"rendered":"Reducir el estr\u00e9s en las c\u00e9lulas T las convierte en mejores combatientes del c\u00e1ncer."},"content":{"rendered":"

LA JOLLA\u2014Incluso para las c\u00e9lulas T \"asesinas\", c\u00e9lulas inmunitarias especializadas, la b\u00fasqueda y destrucci\u00f3n de c\u00e9lulas cancerosas durante todo el d\u00eda puede ser agotadora. Si los cient\u00edficos logran comprender por qu\u00e9 las c\u00e9lulas T \"asesinas\" se agotan, podr\u00e1n crear c\u00e9lulas m\u00e1s resistentes para combatir el c\u00e1ncer. \r\n<\/p>

\r\nEn un nuevo estudio, cient\u00edficos del Instituto Salk descubrieron una relaci\u00f3n entre el agotamiento de las c\u00e9lulas T asesinas y la respuesta de estr\u00e9s simp\u00e1tico del cuerpo (\u201clucha o huida\u201d) en diversos tipos de c\u00e1ncer en muestras de tejido de rat\u00f3n y humano. Adem\u00e1s, el equipo encontr\u00f3 que la interacci\u00f3n entre las c\u00e9lulas T asesinas y las hormonas de la respuesta de estr\u00e9s simp\u00e1tico puede ser inhibida con betabloqueantes, una clase de medicamentos ya utilizada en humanos para controlar la presi\u00f3n arterial y la frecuencia card\u00edaca, para crear c\u00e9lulas T asesinas que combatan el tumor de manera m\u00e1s eficiente.\r\n<\/p>\r\n

\"From
De izquierda a derecha: Susan Kaech y Anna-Maria Globig.
Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n

\r\nLos hallazgos, publicados en Naturaleza<\/a><\/em> El 20 de septiembre de 2023, establecen un nuevo v\u00ednculo entre la respuesta al estr\u00e9s simp\u00e1tico y la forma en que el sistema inmunol\u00f3gico responde al c\u00e1ncer. Adem\u00e1s, demuestran el beneficio de combinar betabloqueantes con inmunoterapias existentes para mejorar el tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer al potenciar la funci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas T asesinas. \r\n<\/p>

\r\n\u201cNo hay duda de que la inmunoterapia ha revolucionado el tratamiento de los pacientes con c\u00e1ncer, pero hay muchos pacientes para quienes no es efectiva\u201d, dice el profesor Susan Kaech<\/a>, autor principal y director del Centro NOMIS de Inmunobiolog\u00eda y Patog\u00e9nesis Microbiana de Salk. \u201cDescubrir que nuestro sistema nervioso puede suprimir la funci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas inmunitarias que destruyen el c\u00e1ncer abre v\u00edas completamente nuevas para pensar c\u00f3mo rejuvenecer las c\u00e9lulas T en los tumores\u201d.\u201d\r\n<\/p>

\r\nEl sistema nervioso simp\u00e1tico es responsable de mediar la respuesta del cuerpo al estr\u00e9s, tambi\u00e9n conocida como la respuesta de lucha o huida. Sin embargo, se sab\u00eda poco sobre c\u00f3mo los nervios regulan la respuesta inmune a infecciones o al c\u00e1ncer. \r\n<\/p>

\r\nLos investigadores se enfocaron en los nervios simp\u00e1ticos que inervan nuestros \u00f3rganos y producen la hormona mensajera noradrenalina, que tambi\u00e9n es una hormona del estr\u00e9s. Los cient\u00edficos utilizaron una variedad de modelos de c\u00e1ncer y enfermedades cr\u00f3nicas en ratones y muestras de tejido humano para estudiar cu\u00e1ndo y c\u00f3mo las c\u00e9lulas T asesinas son influenciadas por los nervios simp\u00e1ticos. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"Exhausted
C\u00e9lulas T agotadas con mayor expresi\u00f3n del receptor de noradrenalina ADRB1 (.
Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n

\r\nDescubrieron que los nervios simp\u00e1ticos produc\u00edan noradrenalina, la cual se un\u00eda a las c\u00e9lulas T asesinas utilizando un receptor llamado ADRB1. Las c\u00e9lulas T asesinas agotadas expresaban m\u00e1s receptores ADRB1 que sus contrapartes funcionales, lo que permit\u00eda a las c\u00e9lulas T \u201cescuchar\u201d la noradrenalina liberada por los nervios.\r\n<\/p>

\r\nPara probar si se pod\u00eda prevenir el agotamiento de las c\u00e9lulas T asesinas, los investigadores probaron dos enfoques para interceptar la interacci\u00f3n de la noradrenalina y el ADRB1: ya sea eliminando por completo el ADRB1 o alterando la funci\u00f3n del ADRB1 con betabloqueantes, lo que dio como resultado c\u00e9lulas T asesinas m\u00e1s funcionales y mejores en la destrucci\u00f3n de c\u00e9lulas cancerosas. \r\n<\/p>

\r\nLos autores tambi\u00e9n descubrieron que las c\u00e9lulas T agotadas no solo escuchan a los nervios desde lejos, sino que se agrupan justo a su alrededor en los tejidos. Sorprendentemente, el receptor ADRB1 proporcion\u00f3 a las c\u00e9lulas T instrucciones cr\u00edticas para migrar cerca de los nervios, lo que a su vez suprimi\u00f3 sus funciones, haci\u00e9ndolas peores para combatir el c\u00e1ncer. \r\n<\/p>

\r\n\u201cLa inervaci\u00f3n de los tumores es un \u00e1rea poco estudiada de la inmunolog\u00eda tumoral. Nuestro estudio ha descubierto que los nervios contribuyen al proceso de agotamiento de las c\u00e9lulas T en los tumores, donde las c\u00e9lulas T se desgastan y pierden potencia en su lucha contra el tumor con el tiempo\u201d, dice la primera autora Anna-Maria Globig, investigadora postdoctoral en el laboratorio de Kaech. \u201cSi podemos desentra\u00f1ar los detalles de c\u00f3mo los nervios suprimen la respuesta inmune del cuerpo contra el c\u00e1ncer y por qu\u00e9 las c\u00e9lulas T agotadas se mueven hacia los nervios, podemos comenzar a dirigir este proceso terap\u00e9uticamente\u201d.\u201d\r\n<\/p>

\r\nSeg\u00fan Kaech, los investigadores esperan ampliar su comprensi\u00f3n del entorno de las c\u00e9lulas T asesinas agotadas para aprender m\u00e1s sobre por qu\u00e9 el estr\u00e9s nos enferma m\u00e1s.\r\n<\/p>

\r\n\u201cPudimos encontrar una nueva v\u00eda que podemos dirigir con betabloqueantes para crear linfocitos T \u201dasesinos\" m\u00e1s resistentes, que se oponen al agotamiento y combaten mejor el c\u00e1ncer\u201d, dice Globig.\r\n<\/p>

\r\nDado que los betabloqueadores ya se utilizan cl\u00ednicamente, el equipo tambi\u00e9n espera implementar pronto su r\u00e9gimen propuesto contra el c\u00e1ncer en pacientes con c\u00e1ncer de pulm\u00f3n. Al asociarse con m\u00e9dicos, esperan estudiar m\u00e1s muestras de tejido canceroso humano para enriquecer sus hallazgos y proporcionar m\u00e1s evidencia de la eficacia de los betabloqueadores en el tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer.\r\n<\/p>

\r\nOtros autores incluyen a Steven Zhao, Jessica Roginsky, Natalia Avina-Ochoa, Filipe Hoffmann, Gokhan Senturk, Dan Chen, Carolyn O\u2019Connor y Samuel Pfaff del Salk; Vivien Maltez y Ronald Germain de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud; Juan Guiza, Omkar Chaudhary, Jiawei Wang, Kurt Schalper y Brinda Emu de la Facultad de Medicina de Yale; y Maximilian Heeg de UC San Diego.\r\n<\/p>

\r\nEl trabajo fue apoyado por la Fundaci\u00f3n Alemana para la Investigaci\u00f3n (GL 991\/1-1), la Fundaci\u00f3n NOMIS y los Institutos Nacionales de Salud (subvenciones K00CA222741, 5R01 CA240909, 5R01 CA216101, R37CA245154, R01CA262377, P50CA196530).\r\n<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":42675,"template":"","faculty":[311],"disease-research":[46,122,331],"class_list":["post-42379","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-susan-kaech","disease-research-cancer-biology","disease-research-immune-system-biology","disease-research-protein-interactions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nReducing stress on T cells makes them better cancer fighters - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/reducing-stress-on-t-cells-makes-them-better-cancer-fighters\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reducing stress on T cells makes them better cancer fighters - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014Even for killer T cells\u2014specialized immune cells\u2014seeking and destroying cancer cells around the clock can be exhausting. 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