{"id":41152,"date":"2023-06-23T00:00:56","date_gmt":"2023-06-23T07:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&p=41152"},"modified":"2024-01-30T14:13:36","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T22:13:36","slug":"all-the-immunity-none-of-the-symptoms","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/all-the-immunity-none-of-the-symptoms\/","title":{"rendered":"Toda la inmunidad, ninguno de los s\u00edntomas."},"content":{"rendered":"

LA JOLLA\u2014A nivel mundial, ocurren m\u00e1s de un mill\u00f3n de muertes al a\u00f1o a causa de enfermedades diarreicas que provocan deshidrataci\u00f3n y desnutrici\u00f3n. Sin embargo, no existe vacunas para combatir o prevenir estas enfermedades, que son causadas por bacterias como ciertas cepas de E. coli<\/em>. En cambio, las personas con infecciones bacterianas deben confiar en que el cuerpo adopte una de dos estrategias de defensa: eliminar a los intrusos o debilitarlos, pero dejarlos en el organismo. Si el cuerpo opta por debilitar a las bacterias, la enfermedad puede manifestarse sin diarrea, pero la infecci\u00f3n sigue siendo contagiosa, un proceso conocido como portador asintom\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n

\"Cells
Cells (green) becoming infected with bacteria (red).
Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Now, Salk scientists have found that pairing specific diets with disease-causing bacteria can create lasting immunity in mice without the costs of developing sickness, revealing a new potential vaccination strategy. Their findings, published in Science Advances<\/a> <\/em>on June 23, 2023, pave the way for the development of new vaccines that could promote immunity for those with diarrheal diseases and possibly other infections.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe discovered that immunization against diarrheal infections is possible if we allow the bacteria to retain some of its disease-causing behavior,\u201d says senior author Professor Janelle Ayres<\/a>, Salk Institute Legacy Chair and head of the Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory. \u201cThis insight could lead to the development of vaccines that could reduce symptoms and mortality, as well as protect against future infections.\u201d<\/p>\n

In 2018, Ayres\u2019 lab looked at how dietary interventions can create an asymptomatic infection, which Ayres calls a cooperative relationship between bacteria and host (the person or animal that the bacteria have infected) where the host does not experience any symptoms. They discovered<\/a> that an iron-rich diet enabled mice to survive a normally lethal bacterial infection without ever developing signs of sickness or disease. The high-iron diet increased unabsorbed sugar (glucose) in the mice\u2019s intestines, which the bacteria could feast on. The excess sugar served as a \u201cbribe\u201d for the bacteria, keeping them full and incentivized to not attack the host.<\/p>\n

This process produced long-term asymptomatic infection with the bacteria, leading the researchers to believe that the adaptive immune system (cells and proteins that \u201cremember\u201d infections) may be involved.<\/p>\n

\"Grischa
Grischa Chen.
Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cBeing able to generate lasting immunity against bacteria like C. rodentium <\/em>or E. coli <\/em>has not been possible using established vaccination strategies. We wanted to figure out what mechanism was sustaining this lasting immunity, so we could use that mechanism to create an impactful solution to these diarrheal diseases,\u201d says first author Grischa Chen, a former postdoctoral researcher in Ayres\u2019 lab.<\/p>\n

The researchers moved to figure out how the body suppresses infection symptoms, whether infection without symptoms can create long-term immunity, and whether that immunity is reproducible as a vaccination strategy.<\/p>\n

The team compared mice with iron-rich and normal diets after C. rodentium <\/em>infection to find whether the diet impacted symptomless infection. Immediately after infection, mice fed an iron-rich diet had no symptoms whereas mice fed a normal diet did have symptoms. All mice were then put on a normal diet to see whether the asymptomatic infection would last.<\/p>\n

Mice with nonfunctional adaptive immune systems (the immune system that \u201cremembers\u201d previous infections), regardless of whether they had ever been on an iron-rich diet, could not continue to maintain a cooperative relationship with the bacteria. Although the iron-rich diet suppressed symptoms immediately after infection, the adaptive immune system was required for lasting cooperation. Importantly, the mice with functional adaptive immune systems had the disease without any symptoms, with lasting immunity, as demonstrated by survival upon reinfection after a month.<\/p>\n

\"From
From left: Janelle Ayres and Natalia Thorup.
Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ayres and team concluded that an iron-rich diet alone can prevent bacteria from creating deadly symptoms in mice during active infection. But a functional adaptive immune system is required for immunity against future infection in the absence of dietary supplementation.<\/p>\n

Some bacterial strains, if mutated enough, don\u2019t cause symptoms. To test whether such bacteria could produce lasting immunity, the team repeated their iron-diet versus normal-diet experiment in mice, but this time using bacteria that could cause disease and bacteria that could not cause disease. They found that only mice that received disease-causing, unmutated bacteria were able to support immunity upon reinfection.<\/p>\n

The scientists note that people shouldn\u2019t consume large amounts of iron after reading this study. Their findings are preliminary and will need to be confirmed in human subjects.<\/p>\n

The researchers hope their insights will provide a basis for future research in humans and the creation of a vaccination regimen that protects and prevents against diarrheal illness.<\/p>\n

Other authors include Natalia R. Thorup, Abigail J. Miller, and Yao-Cheng Li of Salk.<\/p>\n

The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (DPI AI144249, R01AI4929), the NOMIS Foundation, a DARPA Yong Faculty Award (YFA15 D15AP00097), a Hillblom Foundation Fellowship Grant, the Chapman Foundation, the Helmsley Charitable Trust,<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":41317,"template":"","faculty":[79],"disease-research":[122,366],"class_list":["post-41152","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-janelle-ayres","disease-research-immune-system-biology","disease-research-infectious-disease"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAll the immunity, none of the symptoms - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/all-the-immunity-none-of-the-symptoms\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"All the immunity, none of the symptoms - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014Worldwide, more than a million deaths occur each year due to diarrheal diseases that lead to dehydration and malnutrition. 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