{"id":34466,"date":"2022-05-05T00:00:04","date_gmt":"2022-05-05T07:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&p=34466"},"modified":"2022-05-05T13:33:03","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T20:33:03","slug":"why-hungry-worms-take-risks","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/why-hungry-worms-take-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 los gusanos hambrientos corren riesgos?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"The
El gusano Caenorhabditis elegans<\/em>.
Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

LA JOLLA \u2013 Ya sea que tome decisiones precipitadas o se sienta malhumorado, el hambre puede hacernos pensar y actuar de manera diferente, incluso \u201changry\u201d. Pero se sabe poco sobre c\u00f3mo las se\u00f1ales de hambre en el intestino se comunican con el cerebro para cambiar el comportamiento. Ahora, cient\u00edficos del Salk utilizan gusanos como modelo para examinar los fundamentos moleculares y ayudar a explicar c\u00f3mo el hambre hace que un organismo sacrifique la comodidad y tome decisiones arriesgadas para conseguir una comida.<\/p>\n

Sus hallazgos m\u00e1s recientes, publicados en PLOS Genetics<\/em><\/a> el 5 de mayo de 2022, revelan que las prote\u00ednas en las c\u00e9lulas intestinales se mueven din\u00e1micamente para transmitir se\u00f1ales sobre el hambre, lo que finalmente impulsa a los gusanos a cruzar barreras t\u00f3xicas para alcanzar el alimento. Mecanismos similares tambi\u00e9n podr\u00edan ocurrir en humanos.<\/p>\n

\u201cLos animales, ya sea un humilde gusano o un complejo ser humano, toman decisiones para alimentarse y sobrevivir. El movimiento subcelular de las mol\u00e9culas podr\u00eda estar impulsando estas decisiones y es quiz\u00e1s fundamental para todas las especies animales\u201d, dice el autor principal.\u00a0Sreekanth Chalasani<\/a>, profesor asociado en el Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda Molecular del Salk.<\/p>\n

Chalasani y su equipo usaron un gusano diminuto llamado Caenorhabditis elegans<\/em> como modelo para determinar c\u00f3mo el hambre conduce a cambios de comportamiento. Los investigadores crearon una barrera de sulfato de cobre, que es un repelente conocido para gusanos, entre los gusanos hambrientos y una fuente de alimento. Observaron que si los gusanos se les privaba de alimento durante dos o tres horas, entonces estaban m\u00e1s dispuestos a atravesar la barrera t\u00f3xica en comparaci\u00f3n con los gusanos bien alimentados.<\/p>\n

\"Movement
Movimiento de Caenorhabditis elegans<\/em>.
Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Utilizando herramientas gen\u00e9ticas y t\u00e9cnicas de imagen, los investigadores luego investigaron las mol\u00e9culas intestinales que podr\u00edan estar enviando se\u00f1ales al cerebro. Descubrieron que factores de transcripci\u00f3n espec\u00edficos, prote\u00ednas que activan y desactivan los genes, cambiaban de ubicaci\u00f3n en animales hambrientos. Normalmente, los factores de transcripci\u00f3n permanecen en el citoplasma de la c\u00e9lula y solo se mueven hacia el n\u00facleo cuando se activan, de manera similar a como vivimos en casa pero vamos a la oficina para hacer el trabajo.<\/p>\n

El equipo se sorprendi\u00f3 al descubrir que estos factores de transcripci\u00f3n, llamados MML-1 y HLH-30, regresan al citoplasma cuando el gusano tiene hambre. Cuando los cient\u00edficos eliminaron estos factores de transcripci\u00f3n, los gusanos hambrientos dejaron de intentar cruzar la barrera t\u00f3xica. Esto indica un papel central para MML-1 y HLH-30 en el control de c\u00f3mo el hambre cambia el comportamiento animal.<\/p>\n

En un experimento de seguimiento, los investigadores tambi\u00e9n descubrieron que una prote\u00edna llamada p\u00e9ptido insul\u00ednico INS-31 se secreta desde el intestino cuando MML-1 y HLH-30 est\u00e1n en movimiento. Las neuronas en el cerebro, a su vez, fabrican un receptor que podr\u00eda detectar las secreciones de INS-31.<\/p>\n

\"From
De izquierda a derecha: Sreekanth Chalasani y Molly Matty.
Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En resumen: La falta de alimento conduce al movimiento de MML-1 y HLH-30, lo que podr\u00eda promover la secreci\u00f3n de INS-31. Los p\u00e9ptidos INS-31 se unen a receptores en las neuronas para transmitir informaci\u00f3n de hambre y provocar comportamientos de b\u00fasqueda de alimento de riesgo.<\/p>\n

\u201cC. elegans <\/em>\u201dSon m\u00e1s sofisticadas de lo que les damos cr\u00e9dito \u2014dice Molly Matty, coautora principal y becaria postdoctoral en el laboratorio de Chalasani\u2014. Sus intestinos detectan la falta de alimento y se lo comunican al cerebro. Creemos que estos movimientos de los factores de transcripci\u00f3n son los que gu\u00edan al animal a tomar una decisi\u00f3n de riesgo-recompensa, como atravesar una barrera desagradable para conseguir comida.\u201c<\/p>\n

A continuaci\u00f3n, los cient\u00edficos investigar\u00e1n m\u00e1s a fondo la naturaleza din\u00e1mica de estos factores de transcripci\u00f3n y los mecanismos subyacentes. Con un trabajo adicional, estos hallazgos podr\u00edan arrojar luz sobre c\u00f3mo otros animales, como los humanos, priorizan las necesidades b\u00e1sicas sobre la comodidad.<\/p>\n

Este trabajo fue apoyado por la Rita Allen Foundation, la W.M. Keck Foundation, los National Institutes of Health (subvenci\u00f3n R01MH096881), la National Science Foundation (beca postdoctoral de investigaci\u00f3n 2011023 y dos becas de investigaci\u00f3n para posgrado), la Glenn Foundation y el Socrates Program (subvenci\u00f3n NSF-742551).<\/p>\n

Otros autores incluyeron a Hiu Lau, Jessica Haley, Anupama Singh, Ahana Chakraborty, Karina Kono y Kirthi Reddy, del Salk; y a Malene Hansen, de Sanford Burnham Prebys.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":34480,"template":"","faculty":[77],"disease-research":[333,123,124,331],"class_list":["post-34466","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-sreekanth-chalasani","disease-research-genetics","disease-research-metabolism-and-diabetes","disease-research-neuroscience-and-neurological-disorders","disease-research-protein-interactions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhy hungry worms take risks - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/why-hungry-worms-take-risks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why hungry worms take risks - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The worm Caenorhabditis elegans.Click here for a high-resolution image.Credit: Salk Institute LA JOLLA\u2013Whether it\u2019s making rash decisions or feeling grumpy, hunger can make us think and act differently\u2014\u201changry,\u201d even. 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Matty, Hiu E. Lau, Jessica A. Haley, Anupama Singh, Ahana Chakraborty, Karina Kono, Kirthi C. Reddy, Malene Hansen, and Sreekanth H. Chalasani","doi":"","paper_title":"Intestine-to-neuronal signaling alters risk-taking behaviors in food-deprived <em>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/em>","subhead":"Salk scientists defined the molecular movement that connects gut to brain to behavior in worm models\u2014a mechanism that may also occur in humans","home_photo":"","listing_photo":"","legacy_boilerplate":[],"hide_boilerplate":[],"disable_date":false,"listing_excerpt":"<p>LA JOLLA\u2013Whether it\u2019s making rash decisions or feeling grumpy, hunger can make us think and act differently\u2014\u201changry,\u201d even. But little is known about how hunger signals in the gut communicate with the brain to change behavior. 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