{"id":33900,"date":"2022-03-07T00:00:03","date_gmt":"2022-03-07T08:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&p=33900"},"modified":"2024-01-30T14:26:36","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T22:26:36","slug":"tiny-worms-make-complex-decisions-too","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/tiny-worms-make-complex-decisions-too\/","title":{"rendered":"Gusanos diminutos toman decisiones complejas, tambi\u00e9n"},"content":{"rendered":"

LA JOLLA\u2014\u00bfC\u00f3mo toma decisiones un animal? Los cient\u00edficos han dedicado d\u00e9cadas a intentar responder esta pregunta centr\u00e1ndose en las c\u00e9lulas y conexiones del cerebro que podr\u00edan estar involucradas. Los cient\u00edficos del Salk est\u00e1n adoptando un enfoque diferente: analizar el comportamiento, no las neuronas. Les sorprendi\u00f3 descubrir que los gusanos pueden tener en cuenta m\u00faltiples factores y elegir entre dos acciones diferentes, a pesar de tener solo 302 neuronas en comparaci\u00f3n con aproximadamente 86 mil millones en los humanos.<\/p>\n

\"C.
C. elegans<\/em> gusano (derecho) escapando del depredador P. pacificus<\/em> gusano (izquierda).
Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Los hallazgos, publicados en Biolog\u00eda Actual<\/em><\/a> el 7 de marzo de 2022, tienen implicaciones importantes en la forma en que los investigadores eval\u00faan la motivaci\u00f3n y las habilidades cognitivas en los animales. Adem\u00e1s, el estudio demuestra que las capacidades complejas de toma de decisiones podr\u00edan estar codificadas en redes biol\u00f3gicas y artificiales peque\u00f1as.<\/p>\n

\u201cNuestro estudio muestra que se puede utilizar un sistema simple como el gusano para estudiar algo complejo, como la toma de decisiones orientada a objetivos. Tambi\u00e9n demostramos que el comportamiento puede decirnos mucho sobre c\u00f3mo funciona el cerebro\u201d, dice el autor principal. Sreekanth Chalasani<\/a>, profesor asociado en el Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda Molecular del Salk. \u201cIncluso sistemas simples como los gusanos tienen diferentes estrategias, y pueden elegir entre esas estrategias, decidiendo cu\u00e1l funciona bien para ellos en una situaci\u00f3n dada. Eso proporciona un marco para comprender c\u00f3mo se toman estas decisiones en sistemas m\u00e1s complejos, como los humanos\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ya sea comiendo presas o defendiendo su fuente de alimento, el gusano depredador Pristionchus pacificus<\/em> depende de morder. El desaf\u00edo del equipo fue determinar las intenciones del gusano cuando muerde.<\/p>\n

Los investigadores encontraron que P. pacificus<\/em> elige entre dos estrategias de forrajeo para morder a su presa y a un competidor, otro gusano llamado Caenorhabditis elegans<\/em>: 1) estrategia depredadora, en la que su objetivo al morder es matar a la presa, o 2) estrategia territorial, en la que morder se utiliza en cambio para forzar C. elegans<\/em> lejos de una fuente de alimento. P. pacificus <\/em>elige la estrategia depredadora contra larvas C. elegans<\/em>, que es f\u00e1cil de matar. En contraste, P. pacificus<\/em> selecciona la estrategia territorial contra adultos C. elegans<\/em>, que es dif\u00edcil de matar y supera en competencia P. pacificus<\/em> para comer.<\/p>\n

\"From
De izquierda a derecha: Sreekanth Chalasani y Kathleen Quach
Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Al equipo, le pareci\u00f3 que P. pacificus <\/em>evalu\u00f3 los costos y beneficios de m\u00faltiples resultados potenciales de una acci\u00f3n; un comportamiento familiar en vertebrados pero inesperado en un gusano.<\/p>\n

\u201cLos cient\u00edficos siempre han asumido que los gusanos eran simples; cuando P. pacificus<\/em> \u201dmordiscos, pensamos que eso siempre era para un prop\u00f3sito depredador singular\u201c, dice la autora principal Kathleen Quach, becaria postdoctoral en el laboratorio de Chalasani. \"En realidad,\", P. pacificus<\/em> es vers\u00e1til y puede usar la misma acci\u00f3n, morder C. elegans<\/em>, para lograr diferentes objetivos a largo plazo. Me sorprendi\u00f3 descubrir que P. pacificus <\/em>podr\u00eda aprovechar lo que parec\u00eda una depredaci\u00f3n fallida en territorialidad exitosa y dirigida a un objetivo.\u201d<\/p>\n

En el futuro, los cient\u00edficos quisieran determinar cu\u00e1l de P. pacificus<\/em>\u2019los c\u00e1lculos de costo-beneficio est\u00e1n preestablecidos o son flexibles. Esperan que m\u00e1s investigaci\u00f3n como esta ayude a desentra\u00f1ar a\u00fan m\u00e1s los mecanismos moleculares de la toma de decisiones.<\/p>\n

La investigaci\u00f3n fue financiada por los National Institutes of Health (5R01MH113905), la W.M. Keck Foundation, la National Science Foundation, Salk Women & Science y una beca postdoctoral de la Paul F. Glenn Foundation.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":33921,"template":"","faculty":[77],"disease-research":[124],"class_list":["post-33900","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-sreekanth-chalasani","disease-research-neuroscience-and-neurological-disorders"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTiny worms make complex decisions, too - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/tiny-worms-make-complex-decisions-too\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tiny worms make complex decisions, too - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014How does an animal make decisions? 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