{"id":32531,"date":"2021-11-11T00:00:47","date_gmt":"2021-11-11T08:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&p=32531"},"modified":"2023-12-08T09:28:19","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T17:28:19","slug":"study-shines-a-light-into-black-holes-in-the-arabidopsis-genome","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/study-shines-a-light-into-black-holes-in-the-arabidopsis-genome\/","title":{"rendered":"Estudio arroja luz sobre los \u201cagujeros negros\u201d en el genoma de Arabidopsis"},"content":{"rendered":"

LA JOLLA\u2014Cient\u00edficos del Salk, en colaboraci\u00f3n con investigadores de la Universidad de Cambridge y la Universidad Johns Hopkins, han secuenciado el genoma de la especie de planta modelo m\u00e1s utilizada en el mundo, Arabidopsis thaliana,<\/em> con un nivel de detalle nunca antes alcanzado. El estudio, publicado en Ciencia<\/em> el 12 de noviembre de 2021, revela los secretos de Arabidopsis <\/em>regiones de los cromosomas llamadas centr\u00f3meros. Los hallazgos arrojan luz sobre la evoluci\u00f3n de los centr\u00f3meros y brindan informaci\u00f3n sobre el equivalente gen\u00f3mico de los agujeros negros.<\/p>\n

\u201cHace poco m\u00e1s de 20 a\u00f1os, el Arabidopsis<\/em> \u201dse public\u00f3 el genoma, y ha sido el genoma vegetal de referencia desde entonces, dando lugar a avances asombrosos desde modelos hasta cultivos\", dice Todd Michael<\/a>, profesor investigador en el Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular de Plantas. \u201cNuestro nuevo ensamblaje resuelve las piezas finales que faltaban en el genoma, allanando el camino para investigaciones apasionantes sobre la arquitectura y la evoluci\u00f3n de los cromosomas, lo cual ser\u00e1 fundamental para nuestros esfuerzos de ingenier\u00eda de plantas para abordar el cambio clim\u00e1tico en el futuro\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Todd
Todd Michael
Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Arabidopsis thaliana<\/em> fue adoptado como planta modelo debido a su corto tiempo de generaci\u00f3n, tama\u00f1o peque\u00f1o, facilidad de cultivo y prol\u00edfica producci\u00f3n de semillas mediante autopolinizaci\u00f3n. Su r\u00e1pido ciclo de vida y peque\u00f1o genoma lo hacen muy adecuado para la investigaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica y para mapear genes clave que sustentan caracter\u00edsticas de inter\u00e9s. Ha dado lugar a una multitud de descubrimientos y en el a\u00f1o 2000 se convirti\u00f3 en la primera planta a la que se le secuenci\u00f3 el genoma. Esta versi\u00f3n inicial del genoma era de un est\u00e1ndar excelente en los brazos cromos\u00f3micos, donde se encuentran la mayor\u00eda de los genes, pero no pudo ensamblar las regiones altamente repetitivas y complejas conocidas como centr\u00f3meros, tel\u00f3meros y ADN ribosomal. Ahora, debido a los avances en las tecnolog\u00edas de secuenciaci\u00f3n, estas desafiantes regiones han sido ensambladas por primera vez.<\/p>\n

El estudio es el primero en realizar con \u00e9xito la secuenciaci\u00f3n y el ensamblaje de lectura larga del Arabidopsis thaliana<\/em> centr\u00f3meros. Desde que se secuenci\u00f3 el genoma por primera vez en 2000, las tecnolog\u00edas de secuenciaci\u00f3n de lectura larga han avanzado, permitiendo a los investigadores ver el genoma en fragmentos de m\u00e1s de 100.000 nucle\u00f3tidos, en lugar de fragmentos de 100-200 nucle\u00f3tidos. Estos datos, combinados con avances algor\u00edtmicos que ensamblan las lecturas, significan que la \u201crompecabezas gen\u00f3mico\u201d est\u00e1 repentinamente ahora completo.<\/p>\n

\u201cLos centr\u00f3meros son algunas de las regiones m\u00e1s interesantes, pero tambi\u00e9n las m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles, del genoma para analizar \u2014son como cielos azules infinitos dentro de un rompecabezas \u2014dice el coautor correspondiente, el profesor Mike Schatz, de la Universidad Johns Hopkins. \u2014Afortunadamente, los avances en la secuenciaci\u00f3n, combinados con los avances en los m\u00e9todos computacionales para el ensamblaje del genoma, ahora permiten ensamblar con precisi\u00f3n incluso las secuencias m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles \u2014como la composici\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica del centr\u00f3mero\u2018.<\/p>\n

Durante d\u00e9cadas, los investigadores han intentado comprender la paradoja de c\u00f3mo y por qu\u00e9 el ADN centrom\u00e9rico evoluciona con una rapidez extraordinaria, al tiempo que se mantiene lo suficientemente estable como para desempe\u00f1ar su funci\u00f3n durante la divisi\u00f3n celular. En contraste, otras partes antiguas de la c\u00e9lula que han conservado funciones, como los ribosomas, que fabrican prote\u00ednas a partir del ARNm, tienden a evolucionar muy lentamente. Sin embargo, el centr\u00f3mero, a pesar de su funci\u00f3n conservada en la divisi\u00f3n celular, es la parte del genoma que evoluciona m\u00e1s r\u00e1pidamente. Este estudio, al revelar la topograf\u00eda gen\u00e9tica y epigen\u00e9tica de Arabidopsis<\/em> centr\u00f3meros, marca un cambio radical en nuestra comprensi\u00f3n de esta paradoja.<\/p>\n

\"Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis thaliana<\/em> planta.
Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.
Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Como parte del estudio, los mapas de centr\u00f3meros compilados brindan nuevos conocimientos sobre el \u201cecosistema de repeticiones\u201d que se encuentra en el centr\u00f3mero. Los mapas revelan la arquitectura de los arreglos repetidos, lo cual tiene implicaciones sobre c\u00f3mo evolucionan, y sobre los estados de cromatina y epigen\u00e9ticos de los centr\u00f3meros. En el futuro, los cient\u00edficos desean utilizar estos mapas como base para comprender c\u00f3mo y por qu\u00e9 los centr\u00f3meros est\u00e1n evolucionando tan r\u00e1pidamente.<\/p>\n

\u201cEs fant\u00e1stico poder ver los centr\u00f3meros por primera vez y usar esto para comprender sus inusuales modos de evoluci\u00f3n\u201d, dice el profesor Ian Henderson, coautor correspondiente, del Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales de la Universidad de Cambridge.<\/p>\n

A continuaci\u00f3n, los cient\u00edficos estudiar\u00e1n el uso de este enfoque para mapear centr\u00f3meros de diversos Arabidopsis<\/em> especies y, en \u00faltima instancia, de forma m\u00e1s generalizada en las plantas.<\/p>\n

Otros autores incluyen a Bradley W. Abramson, Nolan Hartwick y Kelly Colt de Salk; Matthew Naish, Piotr Wlodzimierz, Andrew J. Tock, Christophe Lambing, Pallas Kuo y Natasha Yelina de la Universidad de Cambridge; Michael Alonge de la Universidad Johns Hopkins; Anna Schm\u00fccker, Bhagyshree Jamge y Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Berger de la Academia de Ciencias de Austria; Terezie Mand\u00e1kov\u00e1 y Martin A. Lysak de la Universidad Masaryk en la Rep\u00fablica Checa; Lisa Smith y Jurriaan Ton de la Universidad de Sheffield; Tetsuji Kakutani de la Universidad de Tokio; Robert A. Martienssen del Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Korbinian Schneeberger de LMU Munich; y Alexandros Bousios de la Universidad de Sussex.<\/p>\n

La financiaci\u00f3n fue proporcionada por subvenciones y premios del Consejo de Investigaci\u00f3n de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas del Reino Unido, el Consejo Europeo de Investigaci\u00f3n, la Red Internacional de Formaci\u00f3n Marie Curie, el Programa de Fronteras Humanas de la Ciencia, los Institutos Nacionales de Salud, la Fundaci\u00f3n Nacional de Ciencias, la Royal Society, la Fundaci\u00f3n Checa de Ciencias, el Instituto Gregor Mendel, el Fonds zur F\u00f6rderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF), el Leverhulme Trust y el Howard Hughes Medical Institute.<\/p>\n

Publicado cortes\u00eda de Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales de la Universidad de Cambridge<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":32534,"template":"","faculty":[365],"disease-research":[450,333,125,451],"class_list":["post-32531","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-todd-michael","disease-research-climate-change","disease-research-genetics","disease-research-plant-biology","disease-research-plant-genomics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStudy shines a light into \u201cblack holes\u201d in the Arabidopsis genome - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/study-shines-a-light-into-black-holes-in-the-arabidopsis-genome\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Study shines a light into \u201cblack holes\u201d in the Arabidopsis genome - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014Salk scientists, collaborating with researchers from the University of Cambridge and Johns Hopkins University, have sequenced the genome of the world\u2019s most widely used model plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, at a level of detail never previously achieved. 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