{"id":2473,"date":"2014-04-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-04-16T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/news-release\/scientists-explain-how-memories-stick-together\/"},"modified":"2014-04-16T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2014-04-16T07:00:00","slug":"scientists-explain-how-memories-stick-together","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/scientists-explain-how-memories-stick-together\/","title":{"rendered":"Scientists explain how memories stick together"},"content":{"rendered":"

\nLA JOLLA\u2014Scientists at the Salk Institute have created a new model of memory that explains how neurons retain select memories a few hours after an event.\n<\/p>\n

\"hippocampus\"<\/p>\n

\nThe hippocampus is a region of the brain largely responsible for memory formation.<\/p>\n

\nImagen: Cortes\u00eda del Instituto Salk de Estudios Biol\u00f3gicos\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\nThis new framework provides a more complete picture of how memory works, which can inform research into disorders like Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s<\/a>, post-traumatic stress and learning disabilities.\n<\/p>\n

\n“Previous models of memory were based on fast activity patterns,” says Terrence Sejnowski<\/a>, holder of Salk’s Francis Crick Chair and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. “Our new model of memory makes it possible to integrate experiences over hours rather than moments.”\n<\/p>\n

\nOver the past few decades, neuroscientists have revealed much about how long-term memories are stored. For significant events\u2014for example, being bit by a dog\u2014a number of proteins are quickly made in activated brain cells to create the new memories. Some of these proteins linger for a few hours at specific places on specific neurons before breaking down.\n<\/p>\n

\nThis series of biochemical events allow us to remember important details about that event\u2014such as, in the case of the dog bite, which dog, where it was located and so on.\n<\/p>\n

\"Cian<\/p>\n

Cian O’Donnell and Terrence Sejnowski<\/p>\n

\nImagen: Cortes\u00eda del Instituto Salk de Estudios Biol\u00f3gicos\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\nOne problem scientists have had with modeling memory storage is explaining why only selective details and not everything in that 1-2 hour window is strongly remembered. By incorporating data from previous literature, Sejnowski and first author Cian O’Donnell, a Salk postdoctoral researcher, developed a model that bridges findings from both molecular and systems observations of memory to explain how this 1-2 hour memory window works. The work is detailed in the latest issue of Neuron<\/em>.\n<\/p>\n

\nUsing computational modeling, O’Donnell and Sejnowski show that, despite the proteins being available to a number of neurons in a given circuit, memories are retained when subsequent events activate the same neurons as the original event. The scientists found that the spatial positioning of proteins at both specific neurons and at specific areas around these neurons predicts which memories are recorded. This spatial patterning framework successfully predicts memory retention as a mathematical function of time and location overlap.\n<\/p>\n

\n“One thing this study does is link what’s happing in memory formation at the cellular level to the systems level,” says O’Donnell. “That the time window is important was already established; we worked out how the content could also determine whether memories were remembered or not. We prove that a set of ideas are consistent and sufficient to explain something in the real world.”\n<\/p>\n

\nThe new model also provides a potential framework for understanding how generalizations from memories are processed during dreams.\n<\/p>\n

\nWhile much is still unknown about sleep, research suggests that important memories from the day are often cycled through the brain, shuttled from temporary storage in the hippocampus to more long-term storage in the cortex. Researchers observed most of this memory formation in non-dreaming sleep. Little is known about if and how memory packaging or consolidation is done during dreams. However, O’Donnell and Sejnowski’s model suggests that some memory retention does happen during dreams.\n<\/p>\n

\n“During sleep there’s a reorganizing of memory\u2014you strengthen some memories and lose ones you don’t need anymore,” says O’Donnell. “In addition, people learn abstractions as they sleep, but there was no idea how generalization processes happen at a neural level.”\n<\/p>\n

\nBy applying their theoretical findings on overlap activity within the 1-2 hour window, they came up with a theoretical model for how the memory abstraction process might work during sleep.\n<\/p>\n

\nAcerca del Instituto Salk de Estudios Biol\u00f3gicos:<\/strong>
\nEl Instituto Salk de Estudios Biol\u00f3gicos es una de las instituciones de investigaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica m\u00e1s destacadas del mundo, donde un cuerpo docente de prestigio internacional investiga cuestiones fundamentales de las ciencias de la vida en un entorno \u00fanico, colaborativo y creativo. Centrados tanto en el descubrimiento como en la formaci\u00f3n de las futuras generaciones de investigadores, los cient\u00edficos del Salk realizan contribuciones revolucionarias a nuestra comprensi\u00f3n del c\u00e1ncer, el envejecimiento, el Alzheimer, la diabetes y las enfermedades infecciosas mediante el estudio de la neurociencia, la gen\u00e9tica, la biolog\u00eda celular y vegetal, y otras disciplinas relacionadas.\n<\/p>\n

\nLos logros del cuerpo docente han sido reconocidos con numerosos galardones, entre los que se incluyen premios Nobel y la pertenencia a la Academia Nacional de Ciencias. Fundado en 1960 por el Dr. Jonas Salk, pionero en la vacuna contra la poliomielitis, el Instituto es una organizaci\u00f3n independiente sin fines de lucro y un hito arquitect\u00f3nico.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","faculty":[114],"disease-research":[127,124,162],"class_list":["post-2473","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","hentry","faculty-terrence-sejnowski","disease-research-alzheimers-disease","disease-research-neuroscience-and-neurological-disorders","disease-research-parkinsons-disease"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nScientists explain how memories stick together - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/scientists-explain-how-memories-stick-together\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scientists explain how memories stick together - 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