{"id":24382,"date":"2019-10-08T00:00:09","date_gmt":"2019-10-08T07:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&p=24382"},"modified":"2024-01-30T14:47:55","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T22:47:55","slug":"mapping-normal-breast-development-to-better-understand-cancer","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/mapping-normal-breast-development-to-better-understand-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Mapping normal breast development to better understand cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"

LA JOLLA\u2014Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers, and some forms rank among the most difficult to treat. Its various types and involvement of many different cells makes targeting such tumors difficult. Now, Salk Institute researchers have used a state-of-the-art technology to profile each cell during normal breast development in order to understand what goes wrong in cancer.<\/p>\n

\"Luminal
Luminal cells (green) and basal cells (red) in mature mouse breast tissue.<\/p>\n

Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The team\u2019s findings, published in Cell Reports<\/em><\/a> on October 8, 2019, and shared in a free online resource<\/a>, lay the groundwork for understanding normal breast development and may lead to new strategies for tackling tumors.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn order to understand what goes wrong in breast cancer, we need to first understand how normal development works,\u201d says Geoffrey Wahl<\/a>, a professor in the Gene Expression Laboratory and senior author of the paper. \u201cThis study represents a major step in that direction, as we were able to profile each cell during breast development. We expect this information to be a valuable hypothesis-generating resource for the mammary gland community.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mature breast tissue contains two main cell types, which are often involved in breast cancers: luminal cells and basal cells. Luminal cells line the ducts and produce milk, while surrounding basal cells contract to push the milk out of the ducts. The scientists were interested in what drives the molecular changes that govern how, during development, stem cells become specialized into these types of cells. In particular, they studied how DNA packaging inside the cell\u2014called chromatin\u2014changes to allow certain genes to become accessible or inaccessible to affect gene expression and the development of these cells.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe sought\u00a0to obtain a molecular map of these developing breast cells to better understand how breast tissues are formed during development and maintained during adulthood,\u201d says Christopher Dravis, a staff scientist and co-first author of the paper.<\/p>\n

\u201cBy examining differences in chromatin accessibility, we aimed to understand which regions of the genome affected transcription, the process that involves making RNA from DNA, and how that affected cell development,\u201d adds Zhibo Ma, a postdoctoral fellow and co-first author of the paper.<\/p>\n

To do this, the researchers compared mouse breast tissue in adult and late prenatal development. They used a single-cell profiling technique to separate the young cells into groups with basal-like and luminal-like features, based on chromatin accessibility. Surprisingly, the team found that each cell was already poised to become either a basal cell or luminal cell right before birth. This suggests that the cells quickly gain the ability to convert into each cell type soon after birth with appropriate changes in chromatin accessibility and molecular cues providing the instructions. The abnormal alteration of these processes can lead to tumor development later on. The team continued to analyze a multitude of features of each developing cell using bioinformatics and advanced machine learning to reveal a complex picture of breast development and maturation.<\/p>\n

\"From
From left: Christopher Dravis, Sebastian Preissl, Geoff Wahl, Chi-Yeh (Jay) Chung, Zhibo Ma and Xiaomeng Hou.<\/p>\n

Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Salk scientists integrated their findings into a free online database\u2014already widely accessed by other researchers\u2014in the hopes of aiding studies of cell growth, gene regulation and other factors across multiple cell types and developmental states. The authors believe the database\u2014which allows for comparison between chromatin accessibility and gene expression during normal breast development, among other components\u2014could be used to develop new theories of how breast cells go astray and turn into cancer.<\/p>\n

\u201cMy objective has always been to help people with cancer and, by disseminating research as widely and as quickly as possible, we hope to accelerate research advancement and therapy development,\u201d says Wahl, who holds the Daniel and Martina Lewis Chair. \u201cThis study has provided us with a concrete way of understanding the steps involved in mammary development and reveals a complexity that was not evident by most other methods. We are excited to share this with the broader research community.\u201d<\/p>\n

In the future, the authors plan to add data from more developmental time points to further develop the database of how cancer develops to hopefully lead to more effective therapies.<\/p>\n

Other authors included Chi-Yeh Chung, Gidsela Luna and Rajshekhar R. Giraddi of Salk along with Sebastian Preissl, Olivier Poirion, Xiaomeng Hou and Bing Ren of UC San Diego.<\/p>\n

The work was funded by the Cancer Center Core Grant (5 P30CA014195), National Institutes of Health\/National Cancer Institute (R35CA197687 and CA174430), the Susan G. Komen Foundation (SAC110036), the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (2012-PG-MED002), the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF), the Freeberg Foundation, the Copley Foundation, the William H. Isacoff MD Research Foundation for Gastrointestinal Cancer and the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":24386,"template":"","faculty":[90],"disease-research":[163,46,333],"class_list":["post-24382","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-geoffrey-wahl","disease-research-breast-cancer","disease-research-cancer-biology","disease-research-genetics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMapping normal breast development to better understand cancer - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/mapping-normal-breast-development-to-better-understand-cancer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mapping normal breast development to better understand cancer - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers, and some forms rank among the most difficult to treat. 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