{"id":2438,"date":"2013-07-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/news-release\/salk-researchers-identify-potential-biomarker-for-cancer-diagnosis\/"},"modified":"2013-07-08T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T07:00:00","slug":"salk-researchers-identify-potential-biomarker-for-cancer-diagnosis","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/salk-researchers-identify-potential-biomarker-for-cancer-diagnosis\/","title":{"rendered":"Salk researchers identify potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>LA JOLLA,CA\u2014Scientists studying cancer development have known about micronuclei<br \/>\nfor some time. These erratic, small extra nuclei, which contain fragments, or whole<br \/>\nchromosomes that were not incorporated into daughter cells after cell division,<br \/>\nare associated with specific forms of cancer and are predictive of poorer prognosis.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIn a new study, published on July 3, 2013 in <em>C\u00e9lula<\/em>, a team of scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies finds that disrupted micronuclei,<br \/>\nwhich can trigger massive DNA damage on chromosomes, might play an even more active<br \/>\nrole in carcinogenesis than previously thought. They also found that disrupted micronuclei<br \/>\ncan be an objective biomarker for the genetic instability common to many solid tumors,<br \/>\nincluding non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).\n<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VUubso0xOdw\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\n&#8220;Our study shows that more than 60 percent of micronuclei undergo catastrophic dysfunction<br \/>\nin solid tumors such as NSCLC,&#8221; says <a href=\"\/es\/faculty\/hetzer.html\/\">Mart\u00edn Hetzer<\/a>, profesor del Instituto Salk <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/faculty\/molecular_and_cell_biology_laboratory.html\/\">Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular<\/a> and holder of the Jesse<br \/>\nand Caryl Phillips Foundation Chair. &#8220;We identified disrupted micronuclei in two<br \/>\n major subtypes of human non-small cell lung cancer, which suggests that they could<br \/>\nbe a valuable tool for cancer diagnosis.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAs a result of a glitch in cell division, whole chromosomes can sometimes end up<br \/>\n outside the nucleus. During normal division, a cell duplicates its chromosomes<br \/>\nand sends them to two newly formed daughter cells. One set of chromosomes goes to<br \/>\neach daughter cell, but, for a variety of reasons, the chromosomes sometimes are<br \/>\n not divided evenly, with one cell receiving an extra set and the other cell coming<br \/>\nup short. These lagging chromosomes, which acquire their own nuclear membrane and<br \/>\nare called micronuclei, often don&#8217;t make it to the nucleus, ending up elsewhere<br \/>\nwithin the cell and becoming wrapped in their own nuclear envelope. Micronuclei<br \/>\nappear at a higher frequency in cancer cells.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Martin Hetzer and Emily M. Hatch\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/626.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p>\nFrom left to right: Martin Hetzer, Professor, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory and Emily M. Hatch, Research Associate.\n  <\/p>\n<p>\nImagen: Cortes\u00eda del Instituto Salk de Estudios Biol\u00f3gicos\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\nIn their study, Hetzer and his team found that during a certain phase of cancer<br \/>\ncell division previously undetected defects in the nuclear lamina, filaments that<br \/>\nprovide support and stability to the cell&#8217;s nucleus, cause the nuclear envelope<br \/>\nsurrounding micronuclei to catastrophically collapse, leading to the loss of basic<br \/>\nnuclear functions such as replication, transcription, and DNA damage recognition<br \/>\n and repair. More than 60 percent of micronuclei undergo this irreversible loss<br \/>\nof function following nuclear envelope collapse, precipitating cancer-causing aneuploidy,<br \/>\nthe accumulation of an abnormal number of intact chromosomes within cancer cells.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&#8220;In the micronuclei,&#8221; says Emily Hatch, a research associate in the <a href=\"http:\/\/hetzer.salk.edu\/\">Hetzer laboratory<\/a>, &#8220;we saw holes developing in the lamina. We think<br \/>\nthe membrane has no support at the site of these holes, so it weakens and ruptures.<br \/>\nWe don&#8217;t fully understand why this happens in micronuclei.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPrevious studies have found that the DNA damage and arrest of gene transcription<br \/>\n caused by nuclear envelope collapse can promote aneuploidy. This damaged DNA can<br \/>\nthen enter the next generation of daughter cells and undergo chromothripsis, a rearrangement<br \/>\nof genomic information in one chromosome, which leads to massive DNA damage and<br \/>\nthe formation of tumors.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIn the current study, Hatch identified biomarkers to identify disrupted micronuclei,<br \/>\nwhich may greatly increase pathologists&#8217; ability to recognize these structures in<br \/>\ntumor sections. Currently, few objective markers exist to detect genomic instability<br \/>\nin solid tumors, she says, although several cancers rely on the identification of<br \/>\naneuploidy.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&#8220;Our ability to identify disrupted micronuclei in solid tumors suggests a new way<br \/>\nto evaluate aneuploidy in these tissues,&#8221; adds Hetzer, who says that it is not clear<br \/>\nif all or how many cancers are affected by disrupted micronuclei. In addition to<br \/>\n NSCLC, scientists believe that micronuclei disruption may play a role in bone cancer,<br \/>\nmelanoma and other forms of lung cancer.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nBecause they are strongly correlated with mitotic errors, micronuclei are regarded<br \/>\nas an accurate indicator of genomic stability and aneuploidy, two hallmarks which<br \/>\ncharacterize non-small cell lung cancer. Hetzer&#8217;s team found disrupted micronuclei<br \/>\nin pulmonary adenocarcinomas, the most common form of primary lung cancer and roughly<br \/>\n50 percent of all NSCLCs, and squamous cell carcinomas, which make up about 30 percent<br \/>\nof NSCLCs.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nOther researchers on the study were Andrew H. Fischer of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.umassmed.edu\/index.aspx\">University of Massachusetts Medical School<\/a> and Thomas J. Deerinck<br \/>\nof the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ucsd.edu\/\">University of California, San<br \/>\nDiego<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nEl trabajo cont\u00f3 con el apoyo de la <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nih.gov\/\">National<br \/>\n Institutes of Health<\/a>, la <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cancer.org\/\">American<br \/>\nCancer Society<\/a> and the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/\">National<br \/>\n Cancer Institute<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nAbout the Salk Institute  for Biological Studies:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Salk Institute for Biological Studies is one of the world&#8217;s preeminent basic<br \/>\n research institutions, where internationally renowned faculty probe fundamental<br \/>\n life science questions in a unique, collaborative, and creative environment. Focused<br \/>\nboth on discovery and on mentoring future generations of researchers, Salk scientists<br \/>\nmake groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of cancer, aging, Alzheimer&#8217;s,<br \/>\ndiabetes and infectious diseases by studying neuroscience, genetics, cell and plant<br \/>\nbiology, and related disciplines.<\/p>\n<p>\nFaculty achievements have been recognized with numerous honors, including Nobel<br \/>\nPrizes and memberships in the National Academy of Sciences. Founded in 1960 by polio<br \/>\nvaccine pioneer Jonas Salk, M.D., the Institute is an independent nonprofit organization<br \/>\nand architectural landmark.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","faculty":[86],"disease-research":[46,164],"class_list":["post-2438","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","hentry","faculty-martin-hetzer","disease-research-cancer-biology","disease-research-lung-cancer"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Salk researchers identify potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/salk-researchers-identify-potential-biomarker-for-cancer-diagnosis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Salk researchers identify potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA,CA\u2014Scientists studying cancer development have known about micronuclei for some time. 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