{"id":2184,"date":"2000-04-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2000-04-13T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/news-release\/first-genes-to-control-cortex-identity-discovered-by-salk-scientists\/"},"modified":"2000-04-13T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2000-04-13T07:00:00","slug":"first-genes-to-control-cortex-identity-discovered-by-salk-scientists","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/first-genes-to-control-cortex-identity-discovered-by-salk-scientists\/","title":{"rendered":"Cient\u00edficos del Salk descubren los primeros genes que controlan la identidad de la corteza"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La Jolla, CA \u2013 Neurocient\u00edficos del Instituto Salk han obtenido la primera evidencia de que genes espec\u00edficos controlan c\u00f3mo la corteza forma unidades funcionales durante el desarrollo. La corteza es la parte del cerebro de los mam\u00edferos que ha evolucionado m\u00e1s recientemente y, en los humanos, rige el razonamiento abstracto y el pensamiento simb\u00f3lico.<\/p>\n<p>El estudio, publicado en el n\u00famero actual de Science, sienta las bases para comprender eventualmente trastornos del desarrollo cortical como la par\u00e1lisis cerebral o la esquizofrenia.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTambi\u00e9n es la primera evidencia gen\u00e9tica en abordar una disputa de larga data entre neurocient\u00edficos\u201d, dijo <a href=\"\/es\/faculty\/o'leary.html\/\">Dennis O\u2019Leary<\/a>, profesor de Salk y autor principal del estudio. \u201cMuchos en el campo pensaban que el desarrollo de la corteza estaba influenciado \u00fanicamente por otras partes del cerebro, pero nuestro trabajo demuestra que los genes dentro de la propia corteza desempe\u00f1an un papel fundamental\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>El estudio, que se llev\u00f3 a cabo en ratones, se centr\u00f3 en los genes Emx2 y Pax6. Estos genes se encuentran en humanos, donde se sospecha que desempe\u00f1an un papel en el desarrollo cerebral similar al que se muestra en ratones.<\/p>\n<p>En el estudio, los investigadores examinaron c\u00f3mo se desarrolla la corteza en ratones a los que se les elimin\u00f3 selectivamente uno u otro gen, o se les hizo un \u201cknockout\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCuando se elimina uno u otro gen, las \u00e1reas funcionales de la corteza se ven afectadas de manera diferente, algunas se reducen y otras se expanden\u201d, dijo Kathie Bishop, becaria postdoctoral en el laboratorio de O\u2019Leary y autora principal del estudio. \u201cPero las \u00e1reas que se reducen o expanden difieren, dependiendo de qu\u00e9 gen falte\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>El gen Emx2 es normalmente m\u00e1s activo en la parte posterior de la corteza, y su actividad disminuye gradualmente hacia el frente del neoc\u00f3rtex. La actividad de Pax6 sigue el patr\u00f3n opuesto.<\/p>\n<p>La parte posterior de la corteza est\u00e1 especializada principalmente en procesar la visi\u00f3n, mientras que la parte frontal de la corteza se encarga de las funciones motoras y controla el movimiento voluntario.<\/p>\n<p>La eliminaci\u00f3n de Emx2 hizo que las \u00e1reas visuales se redujeran y las \u00e1reas motoras se expandieran; la eliminaci\u00f3n de Pax6 tuvo los efectos opuestos. La identidad de cada \u00e1rea funcional se determin\u00f3 por las actividades de genes espec\u00edficos de la regi\u00f3n y las conexiones neuronales que establece con otras partes del cerebro.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNuestros hallazgos implican que Emx2 y Pax6 act\u00faan de maneras opuestas durante el desarrollo normal para controlar c\u00f3mo la corteza se especializa en el desempe\u00f1o de diferentes funciones\u201d, dijo O'Leary. \u201cCuando se elimina uno, la influencia del otro se ve potenciada\".<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTanto Emx2 como Pax6 operan controlando una cascada de otros genes, que ahora estamos en condiciones de identificar\u201d, a\u00f1adi\u00f3. \u201cComprender c\u00f3mo estos genes trabajan juntos para construir una corteza funcional deber\u00eda ayudar a proporcionar la base necesaria para comprender y corregir los trastornos cong\u00e9nitos que involucran la corteza\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Contribuy\u00f3 al estudio Guy Gadreau del Instituto Max-Planck de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica en Gotinga, Alemania. El estudio, titulado \u201cRegulaci\u00f3n de la identidad del \u00e1rea en la neocorteza de mam\u00edferos por Emx2 y Pax6\u201d, cont\u00f3 con el apoyo de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud y la Sociedad Max-Planck. Bishop cuenta con el apoyo de una beca del Consejo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Naturales e Ingenier\u00eda de Canad\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>El Instituto Salk de Estudios Biol\u00f3gicos, ubicado en La Jolla, California, es una instituci\u00f3n independiente sin fines de lucro dedicada a descubrimientos fundamentales en las ciencias de la vida, la mejora de la salud y las condiciones humanas, y la formaci\u00f3n de futuras generaciones de investigadores. El Instituto fue fundado en 1960 por Jonas Salk, M.D., con un donativo de terrenos de la Ciudad de San Diego y el apoyo financiero de la March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation. <\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","faculty":[103],"disease-research":[],"class_list":["post-2184","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","hentry","faculty-dennis-oleary"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>First Genes To Control Cortex Identity Discovered By Salk Scientists - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/first-genes-to-control-cortex-identity-discovered-by-salk-scientists\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"First Genes To Control Cortex Identity Discovered By Salk Scientists - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La Jolla, CA \u2013 Salk Institute neuroscientists have obtained the first evidence that specific genes control how the cortex forms functional units during development. 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