Ronald M. Evans<\/a>, autor principal del estudio: \u201cEl estudio indica que los efectos perjudiciales de la deficiencia de vitamina A son notablemente reversibles, lo que ofrece esperanza a los millones de ni\u00f1os en todo el mundo con dietas deficientes en vitamina A\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\nEn el estudio, se les dio a camadas de hermanos gen\u00e9ticamente id\u00e9nticos una dieta normal o una que carec\u00eda de vitamina A. A intervalos peri\u00f3dicos, se examinaron las regiones del hipocampo de sus cerebros para detectar LTP (potenciaci\u00f3n a largo plazo) y LTD (depresi\u00f3n a largo plazo), medidas qu\u00edmicas de la adaptabilidad de las c\u00e9lulas cerebrales que se cre\u00eda desde hace mucho tiempo se correlacionaban con la capacidad de aprendizaje. <\/p>\n
\u201cA las 15 semanas de edad, las respuestas de los ratones privados de vitamina A se reducen aproximadamente al 50 por ciento de lo normal. En puntos de tiempo m\u00e1s largos, la LTP se mantiene estable en el 50 por ciento, pero la LTD cae a niveles casi indetectables\u201d, dijo Jacobs.<\/p>\n
Reintroducir la vitamina A en la dieta, tan solo por dos d\u00edas, restaura las respuestas cerebrales a niveles normales.<\/p>\n
La funci\u00f3n normal tambi\u00e9n se restaur\u00f3 cuando el tejido aislado del hipocampo de los ratones se sumergi\u00f3 en vitamina A, lo que indica que el nutriente funciona directamente en el hipocampo, no en otras partes del cerebro que podr\u00edan influir en esta importante regi\u00f3n de aprendizaje.<\/p>\n
El trabajo actual se basa en estudios anteriores del laboratorio de Evans, en los cuales los investigadores descubrieron que los ratones nacidos sin receptores de vitamina A en el hipocampo carec\u00edan de la capacidad de LTP y mostraron un rendimiento inferior en pruebas de aprendizaje estandarizadas. Los receptores son mol\u00e9culas dentro de las c\u00e9lulas cerebrales que detectan y responden a la vitamina.<\/p>\n
\u201cSin embargo, en esos estudios no se pudo descartar que la actividad de la vitamina A fuera necesaria durante el desarrollo embrionario para establecer funciones normales de aprendizaje\u201d, dijo Evans. \u201cAhora hemos demostrado que la eliminaci\u00f3n de la vitamina A en animales completamente desarrollados afecta las v\u00edas del aprendizaje y, lo que es igualmente importante, los efectos son reversibles\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n
Entre los coautores de Salk se encuentran Dinah Misner, Yasushi Shimizu, Luigi De Luca y el profesor Charles Stevens. El estudio, titulado \u201cUn papel necesario para la se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n de la vitamina A en la plasticidad sin\u00e1ptica a largo plazo del hipocampo\u201d, cont\u00f3 con el apoyo de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud y el Instituto M\u00e9dico Howard Hughes (HHMI). Evans y Stevens son investigadores del Instituto M\u00e9dico Howard Hughes.<\/p>\n
El Instituto Salk de Estudios Biol\u00f3gicos, ubicado en La Jolla, California, es una instituci\u00f3n independiente sin fines de lucro dedicada a descubrimientos fundamentales en las ciencias de la vida, la mejora de la salud y las condiciones humanas, y la formaci\u00f3n de futuras generaciones de investigadores. El Instituto fue fundado en 1960 por Jonas Salk, M.D., con un donativo de terrenos de la Ciudad de San Diego y el apoyo financiero de la March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","faculty":[91],"disease-research":[],"class_list":["post-2178","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","hentry","faculty-ronald-evans"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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