{"id":21193,"date":"2018-12-20T09:42:15","date_gmt":"2018-12-20T17:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&p=21193"},"modified":"2024-01-30T15:03:19","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T23:03:19","slug":"age-is-more-than-just-a-number-machine-learning-may-be-able-to-predict-if-youre-in-for-a-healthy-old-age","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/age-is-more-than-just-a-number-machine-learning-may-be-able-to-predict-if-youre-in-for-a-healthy-old-age\/","title":{"rendered":"Age is more than just a number: machine learning may be able to predict if you\u2019re in for a healthy old age"},"content":{"rendered":"

LA JOLLA\u2014Doctors have long observed that biological age and chronological age are not always one and the same. A 55-year-old may exhibit many signs of old age and have numerous age-related diseases, whereas an 80-year-old may be healthy and robust. While diet, physical activity and other factors play a role, there are many contributors as to why and how some people age better than others. Those contributors remain poorly understood.<\/p>\n

For a study published December 19, 2018 in Genome Biology<\/a><\/em>, a collaborative team at the Salk Institute analyzed skin cells ranging from the very young to the very old and looked for molecular signatures that can be predictive of age. Developing a better understanding of the biological processes of aging could eventually help to address health conditions that are more common in old age, such as heart disease and dementia.<\/p>\n

\"From<\/a>
From left: Martin Hetzer, Swati Tyagi, Roberta Schulte, Hsiao Tsai, Saket Navlakha, and Jason Fleischer <\/p>\n

Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> for a high-resolution image<\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cThis experiment was designed to determine whether there are molecular signatures of aging across the entire range of the human life span,\u201d says co-senior author Saket Navlakha<\/a>, an assistant professor in Salk\u2019s Integrative Biology Laboratory. \u201cWe want to develop algorithms that can predict healthy aging and nonhealthy aging, and try to find the differences.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThe study provides a foundation for quantitatively addressing unresolved questions in human aging, such as the rate of aging during times of stress,\u201d says Professor Mart\u00edn Hetzer<\/a>, co-senior author, as well as Salk\u2019s vice president and chief science officer.<\/p>\n

The researchers focused on a type of skin cell called dermal fibroblasts, which generate connective tissue and help the skin to heal after injury. They chose this type of cell for two reasons: first, the cells are easy to obtain with a simple, non-invasive skin biopsy; second, earlier studies indicated that fibroblasts are likely to contain signatures of aging. This is because, unlike most types of cells that completely turn over every few weeks or months, a subset of these cells stays with us our entire lives.<\/p>\n

The investigators analyzed fibroblasts taken from 133 healthy individuals ranging in age from 1 to 94. To get a representative sample, the team studied an average of 13 people for each decade of age. The lab cultured the cells to multiply, then used a method called RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to look for biomarkers in the cells that change as people get older. RNA-Seq uses deep-sequencing technologies to determine which genes are turned on in certain cells. Using custom machine-learning algorithms to sort the RNA-Seq data, the team found certain biomarkers indicating aging, and were able to predict a person\u2019s age with less than eight years error on average.<\/p>\n

\"\"
A human fibroblast cell line was derived from a skin biopsy. To confirm cell identity, staining was performed for a fibroblast marker (SERPINH1, magenta), nuclear pore complexes (Nup153, yellow) and DNA (DAPI, blue). <\/p>\n

Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Credit: Roberta Schulte\/Swati Tyagi\/Salk Institute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cWe took a \u2018kitchen sink\u2019 approach with this project,\u201d says first author Jason Fleischer, a Salk postdoctoral fellow. \u201cRather than going into this research with an idea of what we wanted to find, we decided to look at the changes in expression of all the protein-coding genes and let the algorithms sort it out. We used what\u2019s called an ensemble machine-learning method to do this.\u201d<\/p>\n

The analysis from the Salk team was different from earlier approaches taken by other labs to study biological aging. Most previous studies focused on changes at only a few DNA methylation sites, rather than looking at changes of expression on the whole genome. The dataset was also much larger than any research of this type that\u2019s ever been done before, because it included so many people representing a range of decades. The researchers have made the data public so that other investigators can use it.<\/p>\n

To validate the algorithm, the team also used fibroblasts from 10 patients with progeria, a genetic disease characterized by accelerated aging. Based on analysis of the molecular signatures from these patients, who ranged in age from two to eight, the model predicted them to be about a decade older than their calendar age.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe fact that our system can predict this kind of aging shows that this model is starting to get at the true underpinnings of biological age,\u201d Fleischer says.<\/p>\n

Although this study uncovered age-related biomarkers, the investigators emphasize that just because something is predictive of aging doesn\u2019t mean it is the cause of aging. In the meantime, however, if the findings are validated, doctors could use this type of analysis to determine when to begin screening their patients for age-related conditions and to advise them about healthy lifestyle choices.<\/p>\n

More research needs to be done before any preventive treatments could be developed. One of the next steps of this research will be look for these signatures in other types of cells.<\/p>\n

\u201cAging is a driver of so many diseases, including Alzheimer\u2019s and other neurologic problems,\u201d Navlakha concludes. \u201cIf we are able to show that the changes we\u2019ve seen in fibroblasts are connected with aging in other types of cells, we may eventually be able to use these signatures to develop targeted interventions.\u201d<\/p>\n

Other researchers on the paper were Roberta Schulte, Hsiao H. Tsai, Swati Tyagi, Maxim N. Shokhirev and Ling Huang of Salk; and Arkaitz Ibarra of Molecular Stethoscope, Inc.<\/p>\n

This work was funded by a National Institutes of Health Transformative Research Award grant (R01 NS096786), the Keck Foundation, the NOMIS Foundation, the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders of the National Institutes of Health (1R01DC017695), and the Pew Charitable Trusts.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":21196,"template":"","faculty":[86,101],"disease-research":[146],"class_list":["post-21193","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-martin-hetzer","faculty-saket-navlakha","disease-research-aging-and-regenerative-medicine"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAge is more than just a number: machine learning may be able to predict if you\u2019re in for a healthy old age - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/age-is-more-than-just-a-number-machine-learning-may-be-able-to-predict-if-youre-in-for-a-healthy-old-age\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Age is more than just a number: machine learning may be able to predict if you\u2019re in for a healthy old age - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014Doctors have long observed that biological age and chronological age are not always one and the same. 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