{"id":19773,"date":"2018-09-19T11:36:58","date_gmt":"2018-09-19T18:36:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&p=19773"},"modified":"2024-01-30T15:07:20","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T23:07:20","slug":"physicists-train-robotic-gliders-to-soar-like-birds","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/physicists-train-robotic-gliders-to-soar-like-birds\/","title":{"rendered":"Investigadores entrenan planeadores rob\u00f3ticos para planear"},"content":{"rendered":"

LA JOLLA\u2014Las palabras \u201cvolar como un \u00e1guila\u201d son famosamente parte de una canci\u00f3n, pero tambi\u00e9n pueden ser palabras que hagan rascarse la cabeza a algunos cient\u00edficos. Especialmente cuando se trata de aves de rapi\u00f1a como \u00e1guilas, halcones y gavilanes, que parecen ascender a grandes alturas sobre colinas, ca\u00f1ones y cimas de monta\u00f1as con facilidad. Los cient\u00edficos se dan cuenta de que las corrientes ascendentes de aire c\u00e1lido ayudan a las aves en su vuelo, pero no saben c\u00f3mo las aves encuentran y navegan estas plumas t\u00e9rmicas.<\/p>\n

Para descubrirlo, investigadores del Instituto Salk y de la Universidad de California en San Diego utilizaron aprendizaje por refuerzo para entrenar planeadores a navegar de forma aut\u00f3noma en t\u00e9rmicas atmosf\u00e9ricas, elev\u00e1ndose a alturas de 700 metros, casi 2.300 pies. Los novedosos resultados de la investigaci\u00f3n, publicados el 19 de septiembre en la edici\u00f3n de Naturaleza<\/em><\/a>, resalta el papel de las aceleraciones verticales del viento y los torques por alabeo como se\u00f1ales biol\u00f3gicas viables para las aves que planean. Los hallazgos tambi\u00e9n proporcionan una estrategia de navegaci\u00f3n que se aplica directamente al desarrollo de veh\u00edculos aut\u00f3nomos de planeo, o veh\u00edculos a\u00e9reos no tripulados (VANT).<\/p>\n

\u201cEste art\u00edculo es un paso importante hacia la inteligencia artificial: c\u00f3mo volar aut\u00f3nomamente en t\u00e9rmicas en constante cambio como un p\u00e1jaro. Me sorprendi\u00f3 que se necesitara relativamente poco aprendizaje para alcanzar un rendimiento experto\u201d, dice el Profesor Terrence Sejnowski<\/a>, jefe del Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda Computacional de Salk y uno de los autores del art\u00edculo.<\/p>\n

\"Bird
Cr\u00e9dito: Phil Richardson, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

El aprendizaje por refuerzo es un \u00e1rea del aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico, inspirada en la psicolog\u00eda conductista, mediante la cual un agente aprende a comportarse en un entorno bas\u00e1ndose en las acciones realizadas y sus resultados. Seg\u00fan Massimo Vergassola, profesor del Departamento de F\u00edsica de la UC San Diego, y Gautam Reddy, candidato a doctorado, ofrece un marco adecuado para identificar una estrategia de navegaci\u00f3n eficaz como una secuencia de decisiones tomadas en respuesta a se\u00f1ales ambientales.<\/p>\n

\u201cEstablecemos la validez de nuestra pol\u00edtica de vuelo aprendida mediante experimentos de campo, simulaciones num\u00e9ricas y estimaciones del ruido en las mediciones que inevitablemente est\u00e1 presente debido a la turbulencia atmosf\u00e9rica \u2014explic\u00f3 Vergassola\u2014. Esta es una instancia novedosa de aprendizaje de una tarea de navegaci\u00f3n en el campo, donde el aprendizaje se ve seriamente desafiado por una multitud de efectos f\u00edsicos y la impredecibilidad del entorno natural\u201d.\u201c<\/p>\n

En el estudio, realizado en colaboraci\u00f3n por el Instituto Salk, la Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas de la UC San Diego y el Centro Internacional Abdus Salam de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica en Trieste, Italia, el equipo equip\u00f3 planeadores con una envergadura de dos metros con un controlador de vuelo. El dispositivo permiti\u00f3 la implementaci\u00f3n a bordo de pol\u00edticas de vuelo aut\u00f3nomo a trav\u00e9s de un control preciso del \u00e1ngulo de alabeo y cabeceo. Una estrategia de navegaci\u00f3n se determin\u00f3 \u00fanicamente a partir de las experiencias combinadas de los planeadores recopiladas durante varios d\u00edas en el campo utilizando estrategias de comportamiento exploratorio. Las estrategias se basaron en nuevos m\u00e9todos a bordo, desarrollados en el curso de la investigaci\u00f3n, para estimar con precisi\u00f3n las aceleraciones verticales del viento locales de los planeadores y los torques de rodadura, que sirvieron como se\u00f1ales de navegaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

La metodolog\u00eda de los cient\u00edficos incluy\u00f3 la estimaci\u00f3n de la aceleraci\u00f3n vertical del viento, los gradientes verticales de la velocidad del viento en las alas de los planeadores, el dise\u00f1o del m\u00f3dulo de aprendizaje, el aprendizaje de la estrategia de termalizaci\u00f3n en el campo, la prueba del rendimiento de la pol\u00edtica aprendida en el campo, la prueba del rendimiento para diferentes envergaduras en simulaciones y la estimaci\u00f3n del ruido en la detecci\u00f3n de gradientes debido a la turbulencia atmosf\u00e9rica.<\/p>\n

Sejnowski a\u00f1ade: \u201cEstos resultados son significativos porque pudimos aplicar con \u00e9xito nuestro trabajo de simulaci\u00f3n anterior a un planeador del mundo real\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n

El trabajo fue financiado por la beca 340106 de la Simons Foundation.<\/p>\n

Este comunicado se basa en materiales proporcionados por la Universidad de California San Diego.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":19859,"template":"","faculty":[114],"disease-research":[332,124],"class_list":["post-19773","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-terrence-sejnowski","disease-research-computational-biology","disease-research-neuroscience-and-neurological-disorders"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nResearchers train robotic gliders to soar - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/physicists-train-robotic-gliders-to-soar-like-birds\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Researchers train robotic gliders to soar - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014The words \u201cfly like an eagle\u201d are famously part of a song, but they may also be words that make some scientists scratch their heads. 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