{"id":19216,"date":"2018-08-07T10:38:57","date_gmt":"2018-08-07T17:38:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&p=19216"},"modified":"2024-01-30T15:10:27","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T23:10:27","slug":"back-to-the-future-breast-cancer-reprises-pathways-found-in-fetal-cells","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/back-to-the-future-breast-cancer-reprises-pathways-found-in-fetal-cells\/","title":{"rendered":"Regreso al futuro: el c\u00e1ncer de mama repite v\u00edas encontradas en c\u00e9lulas fetales"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Pictured
En la imagen se observa tejido mamario de un embri\u00f3n de rat\u00f3n en desarrollo en el d\u00eda 18, con c\u00e9lulas que expresan tanto prote\u00edna luminal (rojo) como prote\u00edna basal (verde). Las c\u00e9lulas en el c\u00e1ncer de mama a menudo muestran esta caracter\u00edstica embrionaria de expresar ambas prote\u00ednas.<\/p>\n

Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

LA JOLLA\u2014Usando solo un microscopio, el cirujano italiano Francesco Durante observ\u00f3 las similitudes entre las c\u00e9lulas de los c\u00e1nceres m\u00e1s malignos y las c\u00e9lulas embrionarias del \u00f3rgano en el que se origin\u00f3 el c\u00e1ncer.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1s de un siglo despu\u00e9s, cient\u00edficos del Salk Institute han descubierto una raz\u00f3n para el asombroso parecido: las c\u00e9lulas en los c\u00e1nceres de mama basales en humanos comparten caracter\u00edsticas con las c\u00e9lulas madre mamarias embrionarias (de mama) que son precursoras de todos los tipos de c\u00e9lulas en la gl\u00e1ndula mamaria (de un rat\u00f3n). Las ideas que llevaron a esta conclusi\u00f3n se publican en la revista Cell Reports<\/em><\/a> el 7 de agosto de 2018.<\/p>\n

\u201cDurante fue un visionario\u201d, afirma el profesor Geoffrey Wahl<\/a>, titular de la C\u00e1tedra Daniel y Martina Lewis y autor principal del trabajo. \u201c\u00c9l anticip\u00f3 la relaci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas en el embri\u00f3n con las de los c\u00e1nceres malignos, y que las c\u00e9lulas cancerosas latentes podr\u00edan ser \u2018despertadas\u2019 por la exposici\u00f3n a \u2018irritaciones persistentes\u2019 que ahora reconocemos como inflamaci\u00f3n. Podemos usar las ideas obtenidas de nuestro trabajo para desarrollar mejores estrategias de diagn\u00f3stico y tratamiento\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n

Por ejemplo, los c\u00e1nceres de mama humanos comparten algunas caracter\u00edsticas metab\u00f3licas peculiares con las c\u00e9lulas madre mamarias embrionarias tempranas, lo que podr\u00eda ser posible de tratar terap\u00e9uticamente. Adicionalmente, las prote\u00ednas expresadas espec\u00edficamente en las c\u00e9lulas embrionarias que tambi\u00e9n se expresan en los c\u00e1nceres pueden utilizarse para desarrollar nuevos agentes o herramientas de diagn\u00f3stico para inmunoterapias.<\/p>\n

\"From
De izquierda a derecha: Rajshekhar Giraddi y Geoffrey Wahl<\/p>\n

Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dito: Instituto Salk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

El c\u00e1ncer ha sido descrito como una \u201ccaricatura del desarrollo\u201d, ya que reproduce caracter\u00edsticas propias del estado de las c\u00e9lulas madre embrionarias con fines perversos. Por ello, Wahl y su grupo de investigaci\u00f3n del Instituto Salk, junto con el investigador Benjamin Spike del Instituto Huntsman contra el C\u00e1ncer de la Universidad de Utah, utilizaron t\u00e9cnicas de vanguardia para generar un atlas de los genes expresados en cada c\u00e9lula mamaria desde las primeras etapas del desarrollo hasta la edad adulta, un proceso que requiri\u00f3 el an\u00e1lisis de muchos miles de c\u00e9lulas. Utilizaron este \u201catlas del transcriptoma de c\u00e9lula \u00fanica\u201d para comparar los genes expresados en los c\u00e1nceres de mama humanos. Esto condujo a comprender c\u00f3mo surgen las c\u00e9lulas madre de la mama en las primeras etapas del desarrollo y c\u00f3mo se convierten en los dos tipos diferentes de c\u00e9lulas que componen la gl\u00e1ndula madura.<\/p>\n

\u201cHa habido un gran inter\u00e9s por determinar c\u00f3mo las c\u00e9lulas raras presentes en los tumores pueden impulsar el crecimiento tumoral y la resistencia a los tratamientos\u201d, afirma Spike, profesor adjunto de ciencias oncol\u00f3gicas en la Universidad de Utah y coautor correspondiente del art\u00edculo. \u201cGran parte del mecanismo molecular que utilizan para ello parece haber sido apropiado y alterado a partir de las c\u00e9lulas madre y progenitoras que utilizaban ese mecanismo para construir el tejido normal durante el desarrollo. Nuestro estudio ofrece un atlas de los genes responsables que pueden evaluarse para determinar su potencial como dianas terap\u00e9uticas\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cEste trabajo muestra la diversidad de formas en que las c\u00e9lulas pueden alcanzar el estado de c\u00e9lulas madre, que se caracteriza por su plasticidad o flexibilidad en el desarrollo\u201d, a\u00f1ade el autor principal, Rajshekhar Giraddi, investigador asociado del Instituto Salk en el laboratorio de Wahl. \u201cEsto sugiere que las c\u00e9lulas cancerosas pueden adquirir su plasticidad mediante diversas estrategias, similares a las que estamos descubriendo en el desarrollo normal\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"A
Una cita del cirujano italiano Francesco Durante, quien en 1874 se sorprendi\u00f3 por las similitudes entre las c\u00e9lulas de los c\u00e1nceres m\u00e1s malignos y las c\u00e9lulas embrionarias del \u00f3rgano en el que se origin\u00f3 el c\u00e1ncer.<\/p>\n

Haga clic aqu\u00ed<\/a> para obtener una imagen en alta resoluci\u00f3n.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Es probable que esta plasticidad del desarrollo explique por qu\u00e9 las c\u00e9lulas de un mismo tumor pueden parecer tan diferentes entre s\u00ed y que sea la base de la asombrosa capacidad de las c\u00e9lulas cancerosas malignas para volverse resistentes a la mayor\u00eda de los tratamientos.<\/p>\n

Ahora, con este conocimiento de las firmas gen\u00e9ticas de diferentes estados celulares, el laboratorio est\u00e1 desarrollando nuevas formas de observar la reprogramaci\u00f3n de c\u00e9lulas adultas en estados asociados con el c\u00e1ncer.<\/p>\n

\u201cLo ideal ser\u00eda que pudi\u00e9ramos descubrir c\u00f3mo evitar que las c\u00e9lulas cancerosas se reprogramen hasta alcanzar una plasticidad tan elevada en su desarrollo\u201d, afirma Wahl. \u201cEs probable que esta plasticidad impida el desarrollo de una \u00fanica \u2018soluci\u00f3n milagrosa\u2019 para tratar el c\u00e1ncer. Por el contrario, los c\u00e1nceres son enfermedades muy adaptables, por lo que es necesario atacarlas desde m\u00faltiples frentes\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n

Otros autores incluidos fueron Chi-Yeh Chung, Christy L. Trejo, Christopher Dravis y Luo Wei Rodewald del Salk; Richard E. Heinz, Ozlen Balcioglu, Berhane Hagos, Elnaz Mirzaei Mehrabad, Jae Hwang y Katherine E. Varley del Huntsman Cancer Institute; Mark Novotny y Roger Lasken del J. Craig Venter Institute; y Cheng Fan y Charles M. Perou del Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center de la Universidad de Carolina del Norte.<\/p>\n

El trabajo fue financiado por la Breast Cancer Research Foundation, la Susan G. Komen foundation (SAC11003), los National Institutes of Health\/National Cancer Institute (R35 CA197687), el Salk Institute Cancer Center (NIH-NCI CCSG: P30 CA014195), la Chapman Foundation, el Helmsley Charitable Trust, el Huntsman Cancer Institute Cancer Center (NIH-NCI CCSG: P30 CA42014) y la Huntsman Cancer Foundation.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":19224,"template":"","faculty":[90],"disease-research":[],"class_list":["post-19216","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-geoffrey-wahl"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBack to the future: breast cancer reprises pathways found in fetal cells - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/es\/news-release\/back-to-the-future-breast-cancer-reprises-pathways-found-in-fetal-cells\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Back to the future: breast cancer reprises pathways found in fetal cells - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pictured is mammary tissue of a developing mouse embryo at day 18, with cells that express both luminal protein (red) and basal protein (green). 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Giraddi, Chi-Yeh Chung, Richard E. Heinz, Ozlen Balcioglu, Mark Novotny, Christy L. Trejo, Christopher Dravis, Berhane Hagos, Elnaz Mirzaei Mehrabad, Luo Wei Rodewald, Jae Hwang, Cheng Fan, Roger Lasken, Katherine E. Varley, Charles M. Perou, Geoffrey M. Wahl and Benjamin T. 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