Suzanne Bourgeois<\/a>, Emeritierte Professorin und Gr\u00fcndungsdirektorin des Regulatory Biology Laboratory am Salk Institute. <\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"1957 begann Jonas Salk, der Entwickler des ersten sicheren und wirksamen Polio-Impfstoffs, die Suche nach der Erf\u00fcllung seines zweiten Traums: die Schaffung einer gemeinschaftlichen Umgebung, in der Forscher die grundlegenden Prinzipien des Lebens erforschen und die weitreichenden Auswirkungen ihrer Entdeckungen f\u00fcr die Zukunft der Menschheit bedenken konnten.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":5,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"folder":[509],"class_list":["post-7","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
History of Salk - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/about\/history-of-salk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"History of Salk - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In 1957, Jonas Salk, developer of the first safe and effective polio vaccine, began his quest to fulfill his second dream: create a collaborative environment where researchers could explore the basic principles of life and contemplate the wider implications of their discoveries for the future of humanity.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/about\/history-of-salk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-14T22:13:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/salk-institute-preview-image.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"329\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/about\\\/history-of-salk\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/about\\\/history-of-salk\\\/\",\"name\":\"History of Salk - 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Im Juni genehmigen die W\u00e4hler in einem Sonderreferendum mit \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigender Mehrheit die Zuweisung von 27 Acres f\u00fcr Salk auf einer Mesa in La Jolla, westlich des geplanten Standorts der neuen University of California, San Diego. Mit Mitteln der National Foundation\/March of Dimes w\u00e4hlt Salk den Architekten Louis Kahn f\u00fcr die Zusammenarbeit am Entwurf aus.<\/p>"},{"year":"1960","description":"<p>Salk wird am 28. Dezember erster Pr\u00e4sident des Instituts. Er amtiert bis zum 7. M\u00e4rz 1962.<\/p>"},{"year":"1962","description":"<p>Der Spatenstich findet im Juni statt. Der Beton wird im Dezember gegossen.<\/p>"},{"year":"1963","description":"<p>Erste Labore werden in provisorischen Geb\u00e4uden eingerichtet. Die ersten Resident Fellows werden ausgew\u00e4hlt: Salk, Jacob Bronowski, Melvin Cohn, Renato Dulbecco, Edwin Lennox und Leslie Orgel. Die ersten Nonresident Fellows sind Leo Szilard, Francis Crick, Salvador Luria, Jacques Monod und Warren Weaver. Salk fungiert erneut als Pr\u00e4sident, vom 29. September bis 16. Juni 1965.<\/p>"},{"year":"1966","description":"<p>Forscher ziehen in Labore im neuen Nordgeb\u00e4ude ein.<\/p>"},{"year":"1967","description":"<p>Der Institutsbau ist abgeschlossen.<\/p>"},{"year":"1968","description":"<p>Renato Dulbecco ver\u00f6ffentlicht die Entdeckung, dass Viren Krebs verursachen, indem sie ihre Gene in die Chromosomen infizierter Zellen einschleusen. F\u00fcr diese Forschung wird er 1975 mit einem Nobelpreis ausgezeichnet.<\/p>"},{"year":"1972","description":"<p>Jim Patrick und Jon Lindstrom reinigen einen Acetylcholinrezeptor, ein Molek\u00fcl, das die Muskelkontraktion als Reaktion auf ein Nervensignal ausl\u00f6st. Dies f\u00fchrt zur Entdeckung der Ursache der l\u00e4hmenden Krankheit Myasthenia gravis.<\/p>"},{"year":"1973","description":"<p>Roger Guillemin und Kollegen entdecken Somatostatin, ein Gehirnhormon, das die Freisetzung von Wachstumshormon blockiert. Es wird heute zur Behandlung von Magengeschw\u00fcren eingesetzt.<\/p>"},{"year":"1974","description":"<p>Robert Holley entdeckt, dass Serum Faktoren enth\u00e4lt, die die Zellteilung kontrollieren.<\/p>"},{"year":"1977","description":"<p>Roger Guillemin, Floyd Bloom und Kollegen charakterisieren Endorphine.<\/p>"},{"year":"1977","description":"<p>Roger Guillemin erh\u00e4lt Nobelpreis f\u00fcr seine Arbeit an Neurohormonen.<\/p>"},{"year":"1979","description":"<p>Tony Hunter und Bart Sefton entdecken die Tyrosinphosphorylierung, eine neue Art der Proteinmodifikation. In den folgenden drei Jahrzehnten f\u00fchrt die Forschung zur Entwicklung von Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren, die einen neuen Ansatz in der Krebsbehandlung darstellen.<\/p>"},{"year":"1981","description":"<p>Wylie Vale und Kollegen entdecken, isolieren und charakterisieren das Corticotropin-Releasing-Hormon, das die Reaktion des K\u00f6rpers auf Stress steuert.<\/p>"},{"year":"1982","description":"<p>Stephen Heinemann und Kollegen klonen das erste nikotinerge Rezeptorgen und stellen damit ein wichtiges Werkzeug f\u00fcr die Erforschung von Rezeptoren auf Gehirnzellen zur Verf\u00fcgung.<\/p>"},{"year":"1982","description":"<p>Roger Guillemin und Kollegen isolieren den Wachstumshormon-freisetzenden Faktor, der die Freisetzung von Wachstumshormon aus der Hypophyse ausl\u00f6st.<\/p>"},{"year":"1983","description":"<p>Inder Verma und Kollegen entwickeln gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderte Viren, die potenziell in der Gentherapie n\u00fctzlich sind.<\/p>"},{"year":"1984","description":"<p>Ursula Bellugis Arbeit f\u00fchrt zur Entdeckung, dass die linke Gehirnh\u00e4lfte sich auf Sprachen spezialisiert, ob gesprochen oder geb\u00e4rdet.<\/p>"},{"year":"1985","description":"<p>Ronald Evans und sein Labor klonen und charakterisieren den ersten nuklearen Hormonrezeptor, den menschlichen Glukokortikoidrezeptor, und weisen anschlie\u00dfend auf die unerwartete Existenz einer Superfamilie von nuklearen Hormonrezeptoren hin. Diese Arbeit f\u00fchrt zu den Prinzipien der DNA-Erkennung, der Bildung von Rezeptor-Heterodimeren und der Entdeckung des DNA-Codes f\u00fcr die Hormonantwort.<\/p>"},{"year":"1985","description":"<p>Roger Guillemin und Kollegen entdecken die Struktur des Fibroblasten-Wachstumsfaktors, einer Substanz, die unter anderem das Blutgef\u00e4\u00dfwachstum beeinflusst.<\/p>"},{"year":"1987","description":"<p>Forscher in den Laboren von Guillemin und Vale reinigen und charakterisieren das Reproduktionshormon Inhibin, was zur Entdeckung von Activinen f\u00fchrt, verwandten Molek\u00fclen, die viele Rollen au\u00dferhalb des Fortpflanzungssystems spielen.<\/p>"},{"year":"1987","description":"<p>Wylie Vale und Kollegen entdecken Verbindung zwischen dem Immunsystem und dem Gehirn.<\/p>"},{"year":"1987","description":"<p>Chris Lamb und seine Kollegen zeigen, dass verschiedene pflanzliche Abwehrgene durch verschiedene Stressformen aktiviert werden.<\/p>"},{"year":"1988","description":"<p>Marc Montminy und Kollegen zeigen, wie chemische Ver\u00e4nderungen, die durch hormonelle Signale ausgel\u00f6st werden, die Genaktivit\u00e4t ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnen.<\/p>"},{"year":"1989","description":"<p>Terry Sejnowski und Kollegen demonstrieren eine Gehirnver\u00e4nderung (langfristige Depression), die als entscheidend f\u00fcr die Ged\u00e4chtnisbildung gilt.<\/p>"},{"year":"1989","description":"<p>Stephen Heinemann und Kollegen klonen das erste Gen f\u00fcr einen Glutamatrezeptor, ein Molek\u00fcl, das vermutlich an der Ged\u00e4chtnisbildung beteiligt ist.<\/p>"},{"year":"Late 1980s","description":"<p>Jonas Salk beginnt mit der Arbeit an der Entwicklung eines Impfstoffs gegen AIDS.<\/p>"},{"year":"1990","description":"<p>Pamela Mellon entwickelt transgene M\u00e4use mit einem erblichen Krebs, der Merkmale aufweist, die mit menschlichem Retinoblastom identisch sind. Sie entdeckt auch eine Technik zur Unsterblichmachung von Nervenzellen im Gehirn zur Untersuchung im Reagenzglas.<\/p>"},{"year":"1990","description":"<p>Jonas Salk erh\u00e4lt die erste Presidential Commemorative Award des American Institute of Architects, Zweigstelle Los Angeles.<\/p>"},{"year":"1991","description":"<p>Wylie Vale und Kollegen isolieren ein Gen, das f\u00fcr ein CRF-bindendes Protein kodiert, welches den K\u00f6rper vor einer \u00dcberflutung von Corticotropin-Releasing-Hormon sch\u00fctzt, das von der Plazenta produziert wird.<\/p>"},{"year":"1991","description":"<p>Das Salk Institute wurde zum historischen Wahrzeichen erkl\u00e4rt.<\/p>"},{"year":"1995","description":"<p>Jonas Salk stirbt am 23. Juni im Alter von 80 Jahren.<\/p>"}],"jonas_salk":"<p>Jonas Edward Salk was born October 28, 1914 in New York City, the eldest of three sons to Russian-Jewish immigrants Daniel and Dora Salk. The first member of his family to attend college, he earned his medical degree from the New York University School of Medicine in 1939 and became a scientist physician at Mount Sinai Hospital.<\/p>\n<p>In 1942, Salk went to the University of Michigan on a research fellowship to develop an influenza vaccine. He soon advanced to the position of assistant professor of epidemiology. He also reconnected with his NYU friend and mentor, Thomas Francis, Jr., head of the epidemiology department at Michigan\u2019s new School of Public Health, who taught him the methodology of vaccine development.<\/p>\n<p>In 1947, Salk was appointed director of the Virus Research Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. With funding from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis\u2014now known as the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation\u2014he began to develop the techniques that would lead to a vaccine to wipe out the most frightening scourge of the time: paralytic poliomyelitis.<\/p>\n<p>Contrary to the era\u2019s prevailing scientific opinion, Salk believed his vaccine composed of \u201ckilled\u201d polio virus could immunize without risk of infecting the patient. Salk administered the vaccine to volunteers who had not had polio, including himself, his lab scientist, his wife and their children. All developed anti-polio antibodies and experienced no negative reactions to the vaccine.<\/p>\n<p>In 1954, national testing began on one million children, ages six to nine, who became known as the Polio Pioneers. On April 12, 1955, the results were announced: the vaccine was safe and effective. In the two years before the vaccine was widely available, the average number of polio cases in the U.S. was more than 45,000. By 1962, that number had dropped to 910. Hailed as a miracle worker, Salk never patented the vaccine or earned any money from his discovery, preferring it be distributed as widely as possible.<\/p>\n<p>Founding the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla in 1963 was Salk\u2019s second triumph. He was aided with a $20 million grant from the National Science Foundation and support from the March of Dimes. <\/p>\n<p>Salk spent his last years searching for a vaccine against AIDS. He died on June 23, 1995 at the age of 80 in La Jolla, California. His life\u2019s philosophy is memorialized at the Institute with his now famous quote: \u201cHope lies in dreams, in imagination and in the courage of those who dare to make dreams into reality.\"<\/p>\n","image":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/68482_NEG14jonas.jpg","gallery":false,"poster_quote":"","salk_custom_body_class":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50470,"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7\/revisions\/50470"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/folder?post=7"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}