{"id":9476,"date":"2016-04-12T09:22:20","date_gmt":"2016-04-12T16:22:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&#038;p=9476"},"modified":"2024-01-30T15:44:03","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T23:44:03","slug":"salk-scientists-find-secret-sauce-for-personalized-functional-insulin-producing-cells","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/news-release\/salk-scientists-find-secret-sauce-for-personalized-functional-insulin-producing-cells\/","title":{"rendered":"Salk scientists find \u201csecret sauce\u201d for personalized, functional  insulin-producing cells"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>LA JOLLA\u2014Salk scientists have solved a longstanding problem in the effort to create replacement cells for diabetic patients. The team uncovered a hidden energy switch that, when flipped, powers up pancreatic cells to respond to glucose, a step that eluded previous research. The result is the production of hundreds of millions of lab-produced human beta cells\u2014able to relieve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/science\/research\/metabolism-and-diabetes\/\">Diabetes<\/a> in mice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"row\" style=\"\"><div class=\"col-md-8 col-md-push-2\"><div class=\"video-anchor\" id=\"video-neb7nILdxTk\"><\/div><div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\"> <iframe class=\"embed-responsive-item\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/neb7nILdxTk?rel=0\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><!-- .embed-responsive --><\/div><!-- .col-md-*size --><\/div><!-- .\/row -->\n<p>For more than a decade, scientists across the globe strived to replace failing pancreatic beta cells linked to immune destruction in children (type 1 diabetes) or obesity-associated diabetes in adults (type 2 diabetes). Although cells made in a dish were able to produce insulin, they were sluggish or simply unable to respond to glucose.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe found the missing energy switch needed to produce robust and functional human beta cells, potentially turning this discovery into a viable treatment for human diabetes,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/scientist\/ronald-evans\/\">Ronald Evans<\/a>, co-senior author and director of the Gene Expression Laboratory at Salk. The new work was published in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cell.com\/cell-metabolism\/fulltext\/S1550-4131(16)30108-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Cell Metabolism<\/em><\/a> on April 12, 2016.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8794\"  class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-8794 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ibeta-in-Kidney-Ins-Green-Gcg-Red-Nucleus-Blue-x20-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"ibeta in Kidney Ins-Green, Gcg-Red, Nucleus-Blue x20\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"s1\">Salk scientists have\u00a0successfully\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s2\">created pancreatic beta cells that\u00a0could be transplanted into patients for a potential new diabetes therapy. The ability of these cells\u00a0to secrete insulin in response to high glucose levels may provide better regulation of blood\u00a0sugar levels\u00a0( insulin,\u00a0green; glucagon, red;\u00a0 nuclei, blue).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ibeta-in-Kidney-Ins-Green-Gcg-Red-Nucleus-Blue-x20.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Klicken Sie hier<\/a> for a high-resolution image <\/p>\n<p>Kredit: Salk Institut<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The Salk technology begins with induced pluripotent cells (iPSC), a stem cell technique where tissue from a patient\u2014such as skin\u2014is reprogrammed into other types of cells, such as from the pancreas. This step yields the pre-beta cells, which produce insulin but are not yet functional. While several research groups reached this juncture, the road forward to functional cells was not clear.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPancreatic beta cells must be able to do two things to work effectively: respond to glucose and produce insulin,\u201d says Evans, who is also a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and the March of Dimes Chair in Molecular and Developmental Biology. \u201cNo one had been able to figure out how to make pancreatic cells from human patients that can do both until now.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8796\"  class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-8796 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Cell-Met-cover-art-244x300.jpg\" alt=\"ERR-gamma\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salk scientists found a master genetic switch (ERR-gamma) critical for prompting pancreatic cells to successfully detect and respond to sugar in the blood. This discovery allows the team to grow patient-derived, functional beta cells for transplantation in a potential new diabetes therapy. <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Cell-Met-cover-art.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Klicken Sie hier<\/a> for a high-resolution photo <\/p>\n<p>Kredit: Salk Institut<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The Salk team closely studied the basic biology of a beta cell and uncovered several molecular switches, called transcription factors, that were switched off but might control the transition to a fully functional state. The \u2018secret sauce,\u2019 the Salk team found, was one particular switch the Evans lab had studied for years for its role in cell signaling. This protein switch, called ERR-gamma, turned out to be crucial to awaken silent beta-like cells that could now respond to glucose and release insulin accordingly.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis advance will result in a better controlled insulin response than currently available treatments,\u201d says Michael Downes, co-senior author and a Salk senior staff scientist. \u201cPreviously there was nothing known about the maturation process in beta cells. We peeked into that black box and now we know what\u2019s going on.\u201d He adds that the team\u2019s technique is an easy, fast and inexpensive way to make transplantable human pancreatic beta cells in a dish that genetically match patients.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8795\"  class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-8795 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Ron-Evans-Michael-Downes-Eiji-Yoshihara-IMG_0475e-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Ron Evans - Michael Downes - Eiji Yoshihara IMG_0475e\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From Left: Michael Downes, Ron Evans and Eiji Yoshihara <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Ron-Evans-Michael-Downes-Eiji-Yoshihara-IMG_0475e.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Klicken Sie hier<\/a> for a high-resolution image <\/p>\n<p>Kredit: Salk Institut<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cWhen we added ERR-gamma to pre-diabetic beta cells in a dish, we successfully created a glucose-responsive, beta-like cell,\u201d says Eiji Yoshihara, first author of the paper and a Salk research associate. \u201cAnd when we remove ERR-gamma from animals, the glucose response is eliminated, proving that the factor is the master regulator of maturation for the beta cell.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But can these beta cells successfully treat diabetes? The Salk researchers found that, indeed, when the matured beta cells were transplanted into type 1 diabetic mice, the procedure quickly rescued their diabetes. \u201cHopefully, this mirrors what would happen in the clinic\u2014after someone is diagnosed with diabetes they could potentially get this treatment,\u201d says Evans. \u201cIt\u2019s exciting because it suggests that cells in a dish are ready to go.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The researchers hope to move to human trials within the next few years.<\/p>\n<p>Other authors on the paper were Zong Wei, Chun Shi Lin, Sungsoon Fang, Maryam Ahmadian, Yasuyuki Kida, Tiffany Tseng, Yang Dai, Ruth T. Yu and Annette R. Atkins of the Salk Institute; and Christopher Liddle of the University of Sydney.<\/p>\n<p>The work was supported by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nih.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nationale Gesundheitsinstitute<\/a>, der <a href=\"http:\/\/glennfoundation.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Glenn Stiftung f\u00fcr medizinische Forschung<\/a>, der <a href=\"http:\/\/helmsleytrust.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Die gemeinn\u00fctzige Stiftung von Leona M. und Harry B. Helmsley<\/a>, Ipsen\/Biomeasure, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cirm.ca.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Institute for Regenerative Medicine<\/a> (CIRM), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ellisonfoundation.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Ellison Medical Foundation<\/a>, and by gifts from Steven Kirsch and Steven and Lisa Altman.<\/p>\n<p><!-- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/news\/salk-news\/faq\/\">Click here for frequently asked questions.<\/a> --><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is a pancreatic beta cell?<\/strong><br \/>\nThese are cells created by the pancreas to detect blood sugar levels and produce insulin, a hormone that helps sugar from the blood move into cells. When pancreatic beta cells are missing or not functioning correctly, diabetes results.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How is this discovery different than other developments?<\/strong><br \/>\nSalk scientists in the laboratory of Ronald Evans discovered a single gene that overcomes a crucial hurdle in developing personalized and functional beta cells for diabetes patient. This discovery is the first to use patient-derived tissue to grow fully functional and mature beta cells in a dish.<\/p>\n<p><strong>When will this therapy be available for humans?<\/strong><br \/>\nSalk researchers have completed mouse studies and are now seeking industry partners and funding to test for safety and efficacy before moving to clinical trials. For more information, please contact: <a href=\"mailto:communications@salk.edu\">communications@salk.edu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>To see what related clinical trials are in your area, please visit: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":9456,"template":"","faculty":[91],"disease-research":[173,165,123],"class_list":["post-9476","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-ronald-evans","disease-research-diabetes-type-1","disease-research-diabetes-type-2","disease-research-metabolism-and-diabetes"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Salk scientists find \u201csecret sauce\u201d for personalized, functional insulin-producing cells - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/news-release\/salk-scientists-find-secret-sauce-for-personalized-functional-insulin-producing-cells\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Salk scientists find \u201csecret sauce\u201d for personalized, functional insulin-producing cells - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014Salk scientists have solved a longstanding problem in the effort to create replacement cells for diabetic patients. 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