{"id":57037,"date":"2026-06-24T13:46:52","date_gmt":"2026-06-24T20:46:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&#038;p=57037"},"modified":"2026-06-24T14:24:59","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T21:24:59","slug":"does-iron-accumulation-in-the-brain-contribute-to-neurodegeneration","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/news-release\/does-iron-accumulation-in-the-brain-contribute-to-neurodegeneration\/","title":{"rendered":"Does iron accumulation in the brain contribute to neurodegeneration?"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<li style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: -20px !important; margin-left: -20px !important;\"><strong>Highlights<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Salk scientists explore long-standing mystery of why iron that builds up in neuronal cells becomes harmful over time in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s<\/li>\n<li>They find a new cellular process, named chronoferroptosis, wherein chronic iron dysregulation in neurons makes them more vulnerable to stressors<\/li>\n<li>The study complements other ongoing research at Salk to design compounds that inhibit this pathway, and could be a promising future avenue for creating therapies that boost resilience in aging brains<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>LA JOLLA\u2014Neurodegenerative diseases affect tens of millions of people worldwide. Among these, Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases are the most common; in the United States alone, the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Association and Parkinson\u2019s Foundation report roughly 7 million people with Alzheimer\u2019s and another million with Parkinson\u2019s. An intriguing clue lies in the tangled mystery of neurodegeneration that scientists are working to solve: <em>iron accumulation<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_57039\"  class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"458\" height=\"336\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-57039 size-col-md-5\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors-458x336.jpg\" alt=\"Nawab Dar (left) and Pam Maher (right) discovered chronoferroptosis, a chronic stress pathway in cells that causes neurons to become less resilient over time and vulnerable to neurodegeneration.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors-458x336.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors-1024x751.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors-768x563.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors-147x108.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors-585x429.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors-553x406.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors-750x550.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors-767x562.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors-945x693.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nawab Dar (left) and Pam Maher (right) discovered chronoferroptosis, a chronic stress pathway in cells that causes neurons to become less resilient over time and vulnerable to neurodegeneration.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-authors.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Klicken Sie hier<\/a> f\u00fcr ein hochaufl\u00f6sendes Bild.<br \/>Kredit: Salk Institut<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Scientists have noticed that iron can slowly build up inside neurons. Early in life, this iron accumulation appears to have little effect on neuronal function. However, later in life, it can contribute to a slow neuronal demise. Salk Institute researchers studied nerve cells to figure out <em>if <\/em>und <em>how <\/em>this iron accumulation relates to neurodegenerative diseases. They found that the excess iron stuck in neurons lowers the cells\u2019 defenses, making them more vulnerable to stressors and other cellular insults through a process they named <em>chronoferroptosis.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Die Studie, ver\u00f6ffentlicht in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41420-026-03208-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Cell Death Discovery<\/em><\/a> on June 18, 2026, points to iron accumulation as a key target in the effort to predict, prevent, and treat neurodegenerative diseases.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cResilience has become a huge topic of discussion when it comes to Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, trying to make the brain more resilient in the face of stressors that contribute to neurodegeneration,\u201d says senior and co-corresponding author <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/scientist\/pamela-maher\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pam Maher, PhD,<\/a> a research professor at Salk. \u201cOur study reveals that cells lose resilience when iron hits a certain level, making neurons more susceptible to stressors that damage or even kill them.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-top: 40px;\"><strong>What do we already know about how the body uses iron, and is it linked to neurodegeneration?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Iron is an essential mineral for a healthy body. Found in dark leafy greens, starchy cereals, lean meats, seafood, and other common foods, iron helps red blood cells develop, carries oxygen around the body, makes hormones, and so much more, with a hand in everything from the immune system to energy production.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It\u2019s one of the most important minerals in the body,\u201d says co-corresponding author Nawab John Dar, PhD, a postdoctoral researcher in Maher\u2019s lab. \u201cSo, it isn\u2019t the iron itself that is a problem with age. It is this accumulation of iron over time that is <span style=\"white-space: nowrap;\">the problem.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>While the jury is still out on the exact mechanisms that initiate iron accumulation in neurons, the Salk team suspects the buildup is caused by a failure in the cells\u2019 iron export machinery\u2014iron enters neurons as usual but fails to get removed after use. But this failure doesn\u2019t impact neurons for quite some time. The question is, <em>why? <\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cPeople have been doing these experiments looking at iron exposure\u2019s influence on cells over short 24- to 48-hour spans,\u201d explains Dar. \u201cBut if neurodegenerative disorders are progressive, shouldn\u2019t we have a cellular model that is progressive, too?\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-top: 40px;\"><strong>Is iron accumulation making neurons less resilient?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Using a human-derived nerve cell line, the Salk team created the first progressive model of iron accumulation in neuronal cells. They compared the effects of both acute (between six and eight hours) and chronic (nine days) exposure to iron. What they discovered was an entirely new pathway, which they dubbed <em>chronoferroptosis.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Maher has been studying <em>ferroptosis <\/em>for decades. Until now, ferroptosis was considered an iron-dependent cell <em>death <\/em>pathway, with cell death dependent on a process called lipid peroxidation. \u201cIt is like the cellular equivalent of when a cooking oil or nut goes bad. The fats in that oil or nut have undergone peroxidation,\u201d explains Maher.<\/p>\n<p>Chronoferroptosis adds the dimension of time to ferroptosis. To the researchers\u2019 surprise, the pathway does not necessarily end in cell death. Instead, the findings reveal that ferroptosis can act as a cellular <em>stress<\/em> pathway.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_57041\"  class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"427\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-57041 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy-1024x427.jpg\" alt=\"Representative neuronal cells are shown after acute iron exposure of six to eight hours (left) and after chronic iron exposure of nine days (right). The brain cell looks entirely different after chronic exposure, with dysregulated processes characteristic of the newly discovered cell stress pathway chronoferroptosis.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy-1024x427.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy-300x125.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy-768x320.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy-147x61.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy-458x191.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy-585x244.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy-553x230.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy-750x313.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy-767x320.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy-945x394.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Representative neuronal cells are shown after acute iron exposure of six to eight hours (left) and after chronic iron exposure of nine days (right). The brain cell looks entirely different after chronic exposure, with dysregulated processes characteristic of the newly discovered cell stress pathway <em>chronoferroptosis<\/em>.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/260624-pr-maher-microscopy.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Klicken Sie hier<\/a> f\u00fcr ein hochaufl\u00f6sendes Bild.<br \/>Kredit: Salk Institut<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In acutely exposed neurons, there was very little biochemical difference pre- and post-exposure to iron. However, in chronically exposed neurons, there were lots of changes: upregulation of some processes and downregulation of others; accumulation of harmful chemicals and depletion of helpful ones; and elevated lipid peroxidation. And when each exposure group was exposed to further stress, acutely exposed neurons could handle the stress, while chronically exposed neurons could not.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe think these coordinated alterations in iron-handling and antioxidant defense proteins make chronically exposed neurons vulnerable to neurodegenerative pathology,\u201d says Dar. \u201cEntering this state of chronoferroptosis may set neurons up for age-<span style=\"white-space: nowrap;\">related failure.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-top: 40px;\"><strong>How might chronoferroptosis inform neurodegeneration care?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>By creating the first progressive model of iron accumulation in neuronal cells, the researchers were able to reveal surprising new clues in the case to crack neurodegeneration. \u201cIt\u2019s not the amount of iron that seals the fate of these cells,\u201d says Dar, \u201cit\u2019s the amount of time they spend under stress.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps scientists will one day be able to detect when the brain begins entering this vulnerable state, when iron accumulation starts stressing neurons. They could then develop new interventions to address iron imbalances and keep neurons more resilient <span style=\"white-space: nowrap;\">for longer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s not something we worked on in this paper, but our lab has developed several compounds to inhibit this pathway,\u201d says Maher. \u201cThis could really be a promising therapeutic route for boosting neuron resilience and staving off neurodegeneration as we <span style=\"white-space: nowrap;\">grow older.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-top: 40px;\"><strong>Andere Autoren und Finanzierung<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The paper was also coauthored by David Soriano-Castell of Salk.<\/p>\n<p>The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01AG067331, R01AG069206).<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":57044,"template":"","faculty":[410],"disease-research":[127,146,124,162],"class_list":["post-57037","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-pamela-maher","disease-research-alzheimers-disease","disease-research-aging-and-regenerative-medicine","disease-research-neuroscience-and-neurological-disorders","disease-research-parkinsons-disease"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Does iron accumulation in the brain contribute to neurodegeneration? - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/news-release\/does-iron-accumulation-in-the-brain-contribute-to-neurodegeneration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Does iron accumulation in the brain contribute to neurodegeneration? - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Highlights Salk scientists explore long-standing mystery of why iron that builds up in neuronal cells becomes harmful over time in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s They find a new cellular process, named chronoferroptosis, wherein chronic iron dysregulation in neurons makes them more vulnerable to stressors The study complements other ongoing research at Salk to design compounds that inhibit this pathway, and could be a promising future avenue for creating therapies that boost resilience in aging brains LA JOLLA\u2014Neurodegenerative diseases affect tens of millions of people worldwide. 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