{"id":39485,"date":"2023-04-05T09:05:26","date_gmt":"2023-04-05T16:05:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&p=39485"},"modified":"2024-01-30T14:16:11","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T22:16:11","slug":"not-all-itches-are-the-same-according-to-the-brain","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/news-release\/not-all-itches-are-the-same-according-to-the-brain\/","title":{"rendered":"Nicht jeder Juckreiz ist gleich, sagt das Gehirn"},"content":{"rendered":"

LA JOLLA \u2013 Juckreiz ist ein Schutzsignal, das Tiere nutzen, um zu verhindern, dass Parasiten potenziell gef\u00e4hrliche Krankheitserreger in den K\u00f6rper eindringen. Wenn eine M\u00fccke auf dem Arm eines Menschen landet, nimmt dieser ihre Anwesenheit auf der Haut wahr und kratzt die Stelle schnell, um sie zu entfernen. Juckreiz, der durch etwas wie ein krabbelndes Insekt verursacht wird, wird als \u201cmechanisch\u201d bezeichnet und unterscheidet sich vom \u201cchemischen\u201d Juckreiz, der durch einen Reizstoff wie den Speichel der M\u00fccke verursacht wird, wenn sie den Arm des Menschen bei\u00dfen w\u00fcrde. W\u00e4hrend beide Szenarien die gleiche Reaktion (Kratzen) hervorrufen, haben neue Forschungsergebnisse von Wissenschaftlern des Salk Institute gezeigt, dass bei M\u00e4usen ein spezieller Gehirnpfad das mechanische Empfinden antreibt und sich vom neuronalen Pfad unterscheidet, der das chemische Empfinden kodiert.<\/p>\n

\"Identified
Identifizierte mechanisch juckreizempfindliche Neuron (blau) inmitten von Zellkernen (gr\u00fcn) im Hirnstamm.
Klicken Sie hier<\/a> f\u00fcr ein hochaufl\u00f6sendes Bild.
Kredit: Salk Institut<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ihre Ergebnisse, ver\u00f6ffentlicht in Neuron<\/em><\/a> am 5. April 2023 zeigen, dass eine kleine Population von Neuronen mechanische Juckreizinformationen vom R\u00fcckenmark zum Gehirn weiterleitet und die Neuropeptidsignale identifizieren, die beide Arten von Juckreiz regulieren.<\/p>\n

\u201cDiese Studie liefert grundlegende Einblicke, wie diese beiden Formen des Juckreizes vom Gehirn kodiert werden und er\u00f6ffnet neue Wege f\u00fcr therapeutische Interventionen bei Patienten, die unter einer Reihe von chronischen Juckreizerkrankungen leiden, darunter atopische Dermatitis und Psoriasis\u201d, sagt der gemeinsam korrespondierende Autor Martyn Goulding<\/a>, Professor und Inhaber des Frederick W. und Joanna J. Mitchell Lehrstuhls.<\/p>\n

Die Entdeckung baut auf vorherige Arbeit<\/a> in Gouldings Labor, das die Neuronen im R\u00fcckenmark identifiziert hatte, die f\u00fcr mechanischen Juckreiz und nicht f\u00fcr chemischen Juckreiz verantwortlich sind. Mitglieder von Gouldings Labor schlossen sich mit dem mitverantwortlichen Autor zusammen Sung Han<\/a>, au\u00dferordentlicher Professor und Inhaber des Pioneer Fund Developmental Chair, der zuvor gefunden<\/a> dass ein kleiner Bereich des Gehirns als Alarmzentrum dient, das Bedrohungssignale von au\u00dfen und innen aus dem K\u00f6rper aufnimmt.<\/p>\n

Hahns Team hatte bemerkt, dass eine bestimmte Gruppe von Neuronen entscheidend f\u00fcr die Kodierung von Bedrohungssignalen war. Gouldings Labor beschloss daraufhin, sich auf diese Neuronen zu konzentrieren und zu untersuchen, ob sie eine spezifische Rolle bei der Weiterleitung mechanischer Juckreizsignale an dieses Alarmzentrum spielen.<\/p>\n

Das Team setzte genetische Ans\u00e4tze in Kombination mit tragbaren, miniaturisierten Mikroskopen ein, die es den Forschern erm\u00f6glichten, juckreizinduzierte Aktivit\u00e4t in einzelnen Neuronen von M\u00e4usen zu beobachten. Die Wissenschaftler entdeckten, dass sie durch die Entfernung eines inhibitorischen Pfades, der am Juckreiz beteiligt ist, einen mechanischen Juckreiz ausl\u00f6sen konnten. Durch die Beobachtung der nachfolgenden Aktivit\u00e4t und der im Hirnstamm auftretenden Ver\u00e4nderungen stellten sie fest, dass verschiedene Zellen entweder auf mechanischen oder chemischen Juckreiz reagierten. Dies erm\u00f6glichte es dem Team, Unterschiede zwischen einem chemischen und einem mechanischen Juckreizpfad zu klassifizieren und die f\u00fcr deren Regulierung wichtigen Molek\u00fcle klar zu identifizieren.<\/p>\n

\"From
Von links: Martyn Goulding und Sung Han.
Klicken Sie hier<\/a> f\u00fcr ein hochaufl\u00f6sendes Bild.
Kredit: Salk Institut<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cWir stellten fest, dass man, wenn man einen Weg sensibilisiert, einen pathologischen Juckreizzustand ausl\u00f6sen kann, und umgekehrt\u201d, sagt Han. \u201cDies deutet darauf hin, dass diese beiden Wege zusammenarbeiten, um chronischen Juckreiz zu verursachen.\u201d<\/p>\n

Als N\u00e4chstes planen die Wissenschaftler zu untersuchen, wo im Gehirn diese Bahnen zusammenlaufen und dann die Hirnareale zu erforschen, die Signale empfangen, die \u00fcber die Entscheidung zum Juckreiz entscheiden. Sie wollen auch besser verstehen, wie R\u00fcckenmark und Hirnstamm zwischen Schmerz und Juckreiz unterscheiden.<\/p>\n

\u201cDie Pr\u00e4valenz von chronischem Juckreiz nimmt mit zunehmendem Alter zu. Aus diesem Grund m\u00f6chten wir auch mehr dar\u00fcber erfahren, was in den neuronalen Schaltkreisen geschieht, die den Juckreiz weiterleiten, wenn wir \u00e4lter werden\u201d, sagt Goulding. \u201cDa chronischer Juckreiz ein unl\u00f6sbares Problem darstellt, sollten unsere Ergebnisse die Entwicklung neuer Therapien zu seiner Behandlung erleichtern.\u201d<\/p>\n

Weitere Autoren sind Xiangyu Ren, Shijia Liu, Amandine Virlogeux, Sukjae J. Kang, Jeremy Brusch und David Acton vom Salk Institute, Yuanyuan Liu vom National Institutes of Health und Susan M. Dymecki von der Harvard Medical School.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Die Arbeit wurde durch die National Institutes of Health (NS111643 und 5ROIMH116203) gef\u00f6rdert.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":39553,"template":"","faculty":[75,294],"disease-research":[333,124],"class_list":["post-39485","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-martyn-goulding","faculty-sung-han","disease-research-genetics","disease-research-neuroscience-and-neurological-disorders"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNot all itches are the same, according to the brain - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/news-release\/not-all-itches-are-the-same-according-to-the-brain\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Not all itches are the same, according to the brain - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014Itch is a protective signal that animals use to prevent parasites from introducing potentially hazardous pathogens into the body. 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