Klicken Sie hier<\/a> f\u00fcr ein hochaufl\u00f6sendes Bild.
Kredit: Salk Institut<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nDie in der Studie verwendeten Verbindungen werden oft nach dem japanischen Wissenschaftler, der sie entdeckte, Yamanaka-Faktoren genannt. Yamanaka-Faktoren sind eine Kombination von Proteinen (sogenannte Transkriptionsfaktoren), die steuern, wie DNA f\u00fcr die \u00dcbersetzung in andere Proteine kopiert wird. In der Laborforschung werden sie verwendet, um spezialisierte Zellen, wie Hautzellen, in stammzell\u00e4hnlichere Zellen umzuwandeln, die plurpotent sind, was bedeutet, dass sie die F\u00e4higkeit haben, sich in viele verschiedene Zelltypen zu differenzieren.<\/p>\n
\u201cUnser Labor hat zuvor gezeigt, dass diese Faktoren Zellen verj\u00fcngen und die Geweberegeneration bei lebenden Tieren f\u00f6rdern k\u00f6nnen\u201d, sagt der Erstautor Chao Wang, ein Postdoktorand im Labor von Izpisua Belmonte. \u201cAber wie dies geschieht, war bisher nicht bekannt.\u201d<\/p>\n
Die Muskelregeneration wird durch Muskelstammzellen, auch Satellitenzellen genannt, vermittelt. Satellitenzellen befinden sich in einer Nische zwischen einer Bindegewebsschicht (Basallamina) und Muskelfasern (Myofasern). In dieser Studie verwendete das Team zwei verschiedene Mausmodelle, um die spezifischen Ver\u00e4nderungen von Muskelstammzellen oder der Nische nach Zugabe von Yamanaka-Faktoren zu identifizieren. Sie konzentrierten sich auf j\u00fcngere M\u00e4use, um die Auswirkungen der Faktoren unabh\u00e4ngig vom Alter zu untersuchen, da diese Faktoren die Zellidentit\u00e4t ver\u00e4ndern und so die Zellalterung r\u00fcckg\u00e4ngig machen k\u00f6nnen, was die Regeneration des Gewebes unterst\u00fctzt.<\/p>\n
Im myofaser-spezifischen Modell fanden sie heraus, dass die Zugabe der Yamanaka-Faktoren die Muskelregeneration bei M\u00e4usen beschleunigte, indem sie die Spiegel des Proteins Wnt4 in der Nische reduzierten, was wiederum die Satellitenzellen aktivierte. Im Gegensatz dazu aktivierten die Yamanaka-Faktoren im satellitenzell-spezifischen Modell die Satellitenzellen nicht und verbesserten die Muskelregeneration nicht, was darauf hindeutet, dass Wnt4 eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Muskelregeneration spielt.<\/p>\n
Laut Izpisua Belmonte, Inhaber des Roger-Guillemin-Lehrstuhls, k\u00f6nnten die Beobachtungen dieser Studie schlie\u00dflich zu neuen Behandlungen f\u00fchren, indem Wnt4 gezielt eingesetzt wird.<\/p>\n
\u201cUnser Labor hat k\u00fcrzlich neuartige Gen-Editierungstechnologien entwickelt, die zur Beschleunigung der Muskelregeneration nach Verletzungen und zur Verbesserung der Muskelfunktion eingesetzt werden k\u00f6nnten\u201d, sagt er. \u201cWir k\u00f6nnten diese Technologie potenziell nutzen, um entweder direkt die Wnt4-Spiegel im Skelettmuskel zu senken oder die Kommunikation zwischen Wnt4 und Muskelstammzellen zu blockieren.\u201d<\/p>\n
Die Forscher untersuchen auch andere Wege zur Verj\u00fcngung von Zellen, darunter den Einsatz von mRNA und Gentechnik. Diese Techniken k\u00f6nnten schlie\u00dflich zu neuen Ans\u00e4tzen zur F\u00f6rderung der Gewebe- und Organregeneration f\u00fchren.<\/p>\n
Weitere Autoren waren: Ruben Rabadan Ros, Paloma Martinez Redondo, Zaijun Ma, Lei Shi, Yuan Xue, Isabel Guillen-Guillen, Ling Huang, Tomoaki Hishida, Hsin-Kai Liao, Concepcion Rodriguez Esteban und Pradeep Reddy vom Salk Institute; Estrella Nu\u00f1ez Delicado von der Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia in Spanien; und Pedro Guillen Garcia von der Clinica CEMTRO in Spanien.<\/p>\n
Die Arbeit wurde finanziert durch NIH-NCI CCSG: P30 014195, den Helmsley Trust, die Fundacion Ramon Areces, die Asociaci\u00f3n de Futbolistas Espa\u00f1oles (AFE), die Fundacion Pedro Guillen, die Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), die Moxie Foundation und CIRM (GC1R-06673-B).<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":31002,"template":"","faculty":[85],"disease-research":[146,335],"class_list":["post-31001","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-juan-carlos-izpisua-belmonte","disease-research-aging-and-regenerative-medicine","disease-research-regeneration"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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