{"id":24069,"date":"2019-09-06T09:54:05","date_gmt":"2019-09-06T16:54:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vermont.salk.edu\/?post_type=disclosure&#038;p=24069"},"modified":"2023-12-08T09:51:27","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T17:51:27","slug":"key-enzyme-found-in-plants-could-guide-development-of-medicines-and-other-products","status":"publish","type":"disclosure","link":"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/news-release\/key-enzyme-found-in-plants-could-guide-development-of-medicines-and-other-products\/","title":{"rendered":"Schl\u00fcsselenzym in Pflanzen k\u00f6nnte Entwicklung von Medikamenten und anderen Produkten leiten"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>LA JOLLA \u2013 Pflanzen k\u00f6nnen viele erstaunliche Dinge. Zu ihren Talenten geh\u00f6rt die Herstellung von Verbindungen, die ihnen helfen, Sch\u00e4dlinge abzuwehren, Best\u00e4uber anzulocken, Infektionen zu heilen und sich vor extremen Temperaturen, Trockenheit und anderen Umwelteinfl\u00fcssen zu sch\u00fctzen.<\/p>\n<p>Forscher des Salk Institute, die untersuchen, wie Pflanzen die F\u00e4higkeit zur Herstellung dieser nat\u00fcrlichen Chemikalien entwickelt haben, haben aufgedeckt, wie sich ein Enzym namens Chalconisomerase entwickelt hat, um Pflanzen die Herstellung von f\u00fcr ihr eigenes \u00dcberleben wichtigen Produkten zu erm\u00f6glichen. Die Forscher hoffen, dass dieses Wissen die Herstellung von Produkten beeinflussen wird, die f\u00fcr den Menschen von Vorteil sind, einschlie\u00dflich Medikamenten und verbesserten Nutzpflanzen. Die Studie erschien in der Printversion von <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acscatal.9b01926\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>ACS Catalysis<\/em><\/a> am 6. September 2019.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24070\"  class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"458\" height=\"377\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-24070 size-col-md-5\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500-458x377.jpg\" alt=\"The protein X-ray crystal structure of chalcone isomerase, complexed with a product molecule called (2S)-naringenin, reveals how the active site arginine (labeled as Arg 37) facilitates catalysis of the correct isomer.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500-458x377.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500-300x247.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500-768x632.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500-1024x843.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500-147x121.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500-585x482.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500-553x455.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500-750x618.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500-767x631.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500-945x778.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500-1250x1029.jpg 1250w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500-400x329.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Die R\u00f6ntgenkristallstruktur des Proteins Chalconisomerase, komplexiert mit einem Produktmolek\u00fcl namens (2S)-Naringenin, zeigt, wie das Arginin der aktiven Stelle (als Arg 37 bezeichnet) die Katalyse des richtigen Isomers erleichtert.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b1500.jpg\">Klicken Sie hier<\/a> f\u00fcr ein hochaufl\u00f6sendes Bild.<\/p>\n<p>Quelle: Salk Institute\/ACS Catalysis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cSeit dem Auftauchen der Landpflanzen auf der Erde vor etwa 450 Millionen Jahren haben sie ein ausgekl\u00fcgeltes Stoffwechselsystem entwickelt, um Kohlendioxid aus der Atmosph\u00e4re in eine Vielzahl nat\u00fcrlicher Chemikalien in ihren Wurzeln, Sprossen und Samen umzuwandeln\u201d, sagt der Salk-Professor. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/scientist\/joseph-noel\/\">Joseph Noel<\/a>, \u201cDies ist der H\u00f6hepunkt der Arbeit, die wir seit 20 Jahren in meinem Labor leisten, um die chemische Evolution von Pflanzen zu verstehen. Sie liefert uns detaillierte Erkenntnisse dar\u00fcber, wie Pflanzen diese einzigartige F\u00e4higkeit entwickelt haben, einige sehr ungew\u00f6hnliche, aber wichtige Molek\u00fcle herzustellen.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Fr\u00fchere Forschung im Noel-Labor untersuchte, wie sich diese Enzyme aus Nicht-Enzym-Proteinen entwickelten, einschlie\u00dflich der Untersuchung primitiverer Versionen von ihnen, die in Organismen wie Bakterien und Pilzen vorkommen.<\/p>\n<p>Als Enzym wirkt Chalconisomerase als Katalysator, um chemische Reaktionen in Pflanzen zu beschleunigen. Sie hilft auch dabei, sicherzustellen, dass die in der Pflanze hergestellten Chemikalien die richtige Form haben, da Molek\u00fcle mit der gleichen chemischen Formel zwei verschiedene, spiegelbildliche Variationen annehmen k\u00f6nnen (Isomere genannt).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn der Pharmaindustrie ist es wichtig, dass die hergestellten Medikamente die richtige Version oder das richtige Isomer sind, da die Verwendung des falschen zu unbeabsichtigten Nebenwirkungen f\u00fchren kann\u201d, sagt Noel, Direktor des Salk\u2019s Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics und Inhaber des Arthur and Julie Woodrow Chair. \u201cIndem wir untersuchen, wie Chalcon-Isomerase funktioniert, k\u00f6nnen wir mehr dar\u00fcber lernen, wie die Herstellung der richtigen Isomere von Pharmazeutika und anderen Produkten, die f\u00fcr die menschliche Gesundheit wichtig sein k\u00f6nnen, beschleunigt werden kann.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In der vorliegenden Studie nutzten die Forscher verschiedene strukturbiologische Techniken, um die einzigartige Form des Enzyms und seine Formver\u00e4nderungen bei der Interaktion mit anderen Molek\u00fclen zu untersuchen. Sie identifizierten den Teil der Struktur der Chalconisomerase, der es ihr erm\u00f6glichte, Reaktionen unglaublich schnell zu katalysieren und gleichzeitig sicherzustellen, dass sie das richtige, biologisch aktive Isomer bildet. Diese Reaktionen f\u00fchren zu einer Vielzahl von Aktivit\u00e4ten in Pflanzen, einschlie\u00dflich der Umwandlung von prim\u00e4ren Metaboliten wie Phenylalanin und Tyrosin in wichtige spezialisierte Molek\u00fcle, die Flavonoide genannt werden.<\/p>\n<p>Es stellte sich heraus, dass eine bestimmte Aminos\u00e4ure, Arginin, die eine von vielen miteinander verbundenen Aminos\u00e4uren in der Chalconisomerase war, in einer durch Evolution geformten Position sa\u00df, die es ihr erm\u00f6glichte, eine Schl\u00fcsselrolle bei der Katalyse von Chalconisomerase-Reaktionen zu spielen.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24071\"  class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"458\" height=\"305\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-24071 size-col-md-5\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500-458x305.jpg\" alt=\"Salk Professor Joseph Noel, pictured in his lab, next to an NMR spectroscopy machine, which is used to decipher the detail of the electronic structures of molecules.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500-458x305.jpg 458w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500-147x98.jpg 147w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500-585x390.jpg 585w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500-553x369.jpg 553w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500-750x500.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500-767x511.jpg 767w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500-945x630.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500-1250x833.jpg 1250w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salk-Professor Joseph Noel, abgebildet in seinem Labor, neben einem NMR-Spektroskopie-Ger\u00e4t, das zur Entschl\u00fcsselung der Details der elektronischen Strukturen von Molek\u00fclen verwendet wird.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Joseph_Noel_PR_1500.jpg\">Klicken Sie hier<\/a> f\u00fcr ein hochaufl\u00f6sendes Bild.<\/p>\n<p>Kredit: Salk Institut<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cDurch strukturelle Studien und Computermodellierung konnten wir die sehr pr\u00e4zisen Positionen von Arginin im aktiven Zentrum des Enzyms w\u00e4hrend der Reaktion sehen\u201d, sagt der Erstautor Jason Burke, ein ehemaliger Postdoktorand in Noels Labor, der jetzt Assistenzprofessor an der California State University San Bernardino ist. \u201cOhne dieses Arginin funktioniert es nicht auf die gleiche Weise.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Burke f\u00fcgt hinzu, dass diese Art von Katalysator von organischen Chemikern lange gesucht wurde. \u201cDies ist ein Beispiel daf\u00fcr, wie die Natur bereits ein Problem gel\u00f6st hat, mit dem sich Chemiker seit langem besch\u00e4ftigen\u201d, f\u00fcgt er hinzu.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDurch das Verst\u00e4ndnis der Chalconisomerase k\u00f6nnen wir einen neuen Werkzeugkasten schaffen, den Chemiker f\u00fcr die von ihnen untersuchten Reaktionen nutzen k\u00f6nnen\u201d, sagt Noel. \u201cEs ist absolut unerl\u00e4sslich, diese Art von Grundlagenwissen zu haben, um molekulare Systeme entwerfen zu k\u00f6nnen, die eine bestimmte Aufgabe erf\u00fcllen k\u00f6nnen, selbst in der n\u00e4chsten Generation von n\u00e4hrstoffreichen Nutzpflanzen, die in der Lage sind, das Treibhausgas Kohlendioxid in f\u00fcr das Leben essentielle Molek\u00fcle umzuwandeln.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Weitere Forscher der Publikation waren James La Clair, Ryan Philippe, Joseph Jez, Marianne Bowman, Gordon Louie und Katherine Woods vom Salk Institute; Anna Pabis, Marina Corbella und Shina Kamerlin von der Universit\u00e4t Uppsala in Schweden; George Cortina von der University of Virginia; Miriam Kaltenbach und Dan Tawfik vom Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel; und Andrew Nelson von der University of Texas in Austin.<\/p>\n<p>Diese Arbeit wurde auch durch das Howard Hughes Medical Institute, die US National Science Foundation Grant EEC-0813570, die Wenner-Gren Foundations, den European Research Council ERC Grant Agreement 30647 und ein Wallenberg Academy Fellowship der Knut und Alice Wallenberg Foundation unterst\u00fctzt. Das schwedische nationale Infrastrukturzentrum f\u00fcr Computerwissenschaft stellte die Rechenzeit f\u00fcr die in dieser Studie durchgef\u00fchrten Simulationen zur Verf\u00fcgung.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":24074,"template":"","faculty":[102],"disease-research":[450,125,452],"class_list":["post-24069","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","faculty-joseph-noel","disease-research-climate-change","disease-research-plant-biology","disease-research-plant-physiology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Key enzyme found in plants could guide development of medicines and other products - Salk Institute for Biological Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/news-release\/key-enzyme-found-in-plants-could-guide-development-of-medicines-and-other-products\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Key enzyme found in plants could guide development of medicines and other products - Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LA JOLLA\u2014Plants can do many amazing things. Among their talents, they can manufacture compounds that help them repel pests, attract pollinators, cure infections and protect themselves from excess temperatures, drought and other hazards in the environment.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/de\/news-release\/key-enzyme-found-in-plants-could-guide-development-of-medicines-and-other-products\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Salk Institute for Biological Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-08T17:51:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salk.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Noel_ACS_Catalysis_figure1b.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"767\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"767\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/key-enzyme-found-in-plants-could-guide-development-of-medicines-and-other-products\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.salk.edu\\\/news-release\\\/key-enzyme-found-in-plants-could-guide-development-of-medicines-and-other-products\\\/\",\"name\":\"Key enzyme found in plants could guide development of medicines and other products - 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