Fred H. Gage<\/a> und ihre Kollegen entdeckten, dass der Rezeptor namens TLX notwendig ist, um proliferierende Stammzellen im Gehirn erwachsener M\u00e4use zu erhalten. Defekte in der Aktivit\u00e4t von TLX bei M\u00e4usen f\u00fchren zu aggressivem und gewaltt\u00e4tigem Verhalten, das oft bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen und Hirnverletzungen beobachtet wird. Am wichtigsten ist, dass die Wiedereinf\u00fchrung von normalem TLX in aus M\u00e4usen mit defektem TLX abgeleitete Zellen deren F\u00e4higkeit, sich wie adulte neuronale Stammzellen zu verhalten, wiederherstellte.<\/p>\n\u201cTLX ist im sich entwickelnden Gehirn vorhanden, aber nicht entscheidend f\u00fcr die fr\u00fche Entwicklung\u201d, sagte Gage. \u201cEs ist \u00fcberraschenderweise entscheidend f\u00fcr die Funktion von Nervenzellen im Erwachsenenalter. Da diese Funktion mit dem Alter abnimmt, insbesondere in Gehirnregionen, die f\u00fcr Lernen und Ged\u00e4chtnis wichtig sind, kann TLX ein Ziel f\u00fcr den Schutz vor altersbedingten Ver\u00e4nderungen sein, die mit kognitivem Verfall einhergehen.\u201d<\/p>\n
Die Forscher fanden heraus, dass Stammzellen mit dem TLX-Rezeptor proliferieren und sich zu jeder der im erwachsenen Gehirn vorkommenden Zellarten differenzieren konnten. Ohne den Rezeptor konnten sich jedoch keine der Zellen entwickeln, was zu drastischen Verhaltens\u00e4nderungen bei den M\u00e4usen f\u00fchrte. Diese Ver\u00e4nderungen wurden r\u00fcckg\u00e4ngig gemacht und die Zellen konnten wieder proliferieren, als die Wissenschaftler TLX wieder einf\u00fchrten.<\/p>\n
Gage ist bekannt f\u00fcr seine fr\u00fchere Entdeckung, dass das Gehirn Nervenzellen im Erwachsenenalter regenerieren kann, was zur Entdeckung adulter Stammzellen im Gehirn f\u00fchrte. Seit dieser Entdeckung versuchen Forscher herauszufinden, wie sich die Stammzellen genau zu funktionierenden Teilen des Nervensystems entwickeln.<\/p>\n
\u201cWenn wir lernen, wie wir den Schalter kontrollieren k\u00f6nnen, k\u00f6nnten wir die Bildung neuer Gehirnzellen stimulieren und das Lernen und Ged\u00e4chtnis wiederherstellen oder erhalten. Mit diesem Schalter in der Hand werden wir nach Medikamenten suchen, die seine Aktivit\u00e4t regulieren k\u00f6nnten, um die Gehirnfunktion zu stimulieren\u201d, sagte Evans. <\/p>\n
Das Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, Kalifornien, ist eine unabh\u00e4ngige gemeinn\u00fctzige Organisation, die sich der Grundlagenforschung in den Biowissenschaften, der Verbesserung der menschlichen Gesundheit und der Lebensbedingungen sowie der Ausbildung zuk\u00fcnftiger Forschergenerationen widmet. Jonas Salk, M.D., gr\u00fcndete das Institut 1960 mit einem Grundst\u00fccksgeschenk der Stadt San Diego und der finanziellen Unterst\u00fctzung der March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","faculty":[91,76],"disease-research":[],"class_list":["post-2243","disclosure","type-disclosure","status-publish","hentry","faculty-ronald-evans","faculty-rusty-gage"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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